Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by a. absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae. b. providing sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts. c. converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. d. enabling the roots to parasitize neighboring plants.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the primary function of mycorrhizae in plant nutrition. Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots that are known to enhance plant growth and nutrient uptake.
2. Analyze each option in relation to the role of mycorrhizae: Option (a) suggests that mycorrhizae absorb water and minerals through fungal hyphae, which is a known function of mycorrhizal fungi in aiding plant nutrient absorption.
3. Evaluate option (b) which states that mycorrhizae provide sugar to root cells. This is incorrect as it is the plant that typically provides sugars to the fungi, not the other way around.
4. Consider option (c) which involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. This is a function of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, not mycorrhizal fungi.
5. Dismiss option (d) as it suggests that mycorrhizae enable roots to parasitize neighboring plants, which is not a function of mycorrhizal relationships; they are mutualistic, not parasitic.

Key Concepts

Mycorrhizae

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots. They enhance nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus, by extending the root system through fungal hyphae, which increases the surface area for absorption. This relationship is crucial for plant health, especially in nutrient-poor soils.

Nutrient Absorption

Nutrient absorption refers to the process by which plants take up essential minerals and water from the soil. Mycorrhizal fungi play a significant role in this process by facilitating the transfer of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from the soil to the plant, thereby improving overall plant nutrition.

Symbiotic Relationships

Symbiotic relationships are interactions between two different organisms that benefit at least one of the parties involved. In the case of mycorrhizae, the fungi provide plants with enhanced nutrient access, while the plants supply the fungi with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis, creating a mutually beneficial relationship.