Which of the following statements is true?


a. Archaea and bacteria have identical membrane lipids.
b. The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan.
c. Prokaryotes have low levels of genetic diversity.
d. No archaea are capable of using CO2 to oxidize H2, releasing methane.

Key Concepts

Differences between Archaea and Bacteria

Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotic organisms, but they differ significantly in their cellular structures and biochemical pathways. For instance, the membrane lipids of archaea contain ether bonds, while bacteria have ester bonds. This fundamental difference affects their stability and functionality in extreme environments, highlighting the distinct evolutionary paths of these two domains.

Cell Wall Composition in Archaea

Unlike bacteria, which typically have cell walls made of peptidoglycan, archaea possess unique cell wall structures that do not contain this compound. Instead, many archaea have cell walls made of proteins or polysaccharides, which contribute to their ability to thrive in extreme conditions, such as high salinity or temperature.

Genetic Diversity in Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes, including both archaea and bacteria, exhibit high levels of genetic diversity despite their simple structure. This diversity arises from mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer, mutations, and rapid reproduction rates, allowing them to adapt quickly to changing environments. Therefore, the statement regarding low genetic diversity in prokaryotes is inaccurate.