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Understanding Race
Chapter 13, Problem 4

Which of the following is an example of a prefertilization barrier to reproduction? a. A female mammal is unable to carry a hybrid offspring to term; b. Hybrid plants produce only sterile pollen; c. A hybrid between two bird species cannot perform a mating display; d. A male fly of one species performs a 'wing-waving' display that does not convince a female of another species to mate with him; e. A hybrid embryo is not able to complete development

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Identify the definition of prefertilization barriers: Prefertilization barriers are mechanisms that prevent fertilization from occurring between gametes of different species.
Analyze option a: This describes a postfertilization barrier, as it involves issues after fertilization has occurred (carrying a hybrid offspring).
Analyze option b: This is a postzygotic barrier, as it involves sterility of the hybrid offspring, which occurs after fertilization.
Analyze option c: This also describes a postzygotic barrier, focusing on the behavior of the hybrid offspring rather than preventing fertilization itself.
Analyze option d: This option describes a scenario where a mating display by one species is not recognized by another, preventing mating and thus fertilization. This is a prefertilization barrier.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Prefertilization Barriers

Prefertilization barriers are mechanisms that prevent mating or fertilization between different species. These barriers can be behavioral, temporal, mechanical, or ecological, ensuring that species remain distinct by inhibiting successful reproduction before fertilization occurs.
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Postzygotic Barriers

Behavioral Isolation

Behavioral isolation occurs when two species have different mating behaviors or rituals that prevent them from recognizing each other as potential mates. For example, if one species has a specific courtship display that the other does not respond to, they will not mate, thus serving as a prefertilization barrier.
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Hybrid Viability and Fertility

Hybrid viability and fertility refer to the ability of hybrid offspring to survive and reproduce. While some hybrids may be produced, they can be sterile or have reduced fitness, which affects their ability to contribute to the gene pool of either parent species, highlighting the importance of reproductive barriers.
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Hybrid Zones
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Define 'biological species.'
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Textbook Question
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the three steps required for speciation to occur.

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Textbook Question
How are hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships among living organisms tested?
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Textbook Question
According to the most accepted scientific hypothesis about the origin of two new species from a single common ancestor, most new species arise when                   . a. many mutations occur; b. populations of the ancestral species are isolated from one another; c. there is no natural selection; d. a supernatural creator decides that two new species would be preferable to the old one; e. the ancestral species decides to evolve
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Textbook Question
For two populations of organisms to be considered separate biological species, they must be                   . a. reproductively isolated from each other; b. unable to produce living offspring; c. physically very different from each other; d. A and C are correct; e. A, B, and C are correct
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Textbook Question
The biological definition of 'race' corresponds to all of the following except: a. the genealogical species concept; b. the idea that subgroups within the same species can be distinguished from each other by ancestry; c. there is a natural hierarchy of groups within a species from 'lowest' to 'highest' forms; d. it should be possible to identify races on the basis of shared allele frequencies among populations; e. races within a species are not reproductively isolated from each other.
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