In this video, we're going to introduce the scientific method. And so here's a question that maybe some of you guys have never thought of before. It's asking, how can you possibly trust the information that you learned from your science textbook? Well, the answer to that question is you can trust the information in your science textbook because the information in your textbook has been subjected to the scientific method. So then the question becomes, well, what in the world is this scientific method?
The scientific method is defined as a procedure that is used by scientists to answer questions, test ideas, and gain scientific knowledge. And so this scientific knowledge that has been subjected to the scientific method is going to make its way into your textbook so that you can learn from it and trust it. The scientific method is a series of steps that we'll talk about down below in our image, but the scientific method always starts with an observation and a question.
And so if we take a look at our image down below, what we have here are the 7 steps to the scientific method. Again, the scientific method always starts with an observation and a question. The very first step is going to be to make an observation and the second step will be to ask a question. Now we're going to apply the scientific method to an example that might be a little bit more relatable for you all.
Let's imagine that one night, some evening, you're studying for your biology test, but then you realize that the desk lamp does not work. Here, notice that we have your desk and we've got the lamp here on your desk, and you're observing that the desk lamp does not work. That would be your observation. After you've made your observation, you would move on to the second step of the scientific method, which would be to ask a question. For example, your question might be, why doesn't the lamp work?
After the second step, you would move on to the third step of the scientific method, which would be to formulate a hypothesis and to make a prediction as to why your lamp might not be working. For now, for simplicity's sake, let's just say that the hypothesis is an explanation for your question. Why doesn't the lamp work? You might think that it's not working because the bulb in the lamp is simply loose. Really all you need to do is just screw in the light bulb a little bit tighter and maybe it'll start working.
So after you've formulated your hypothesis and made your prediction, you would move on to the fourth step of the scientific method, which is to design and conduct an experiment. The experiment in your example here might be to just screw in the light bulb a little bit tighter. You just go in and screw that light bulb tighter. After the fourth step, you would move on to the fifth step of the scientific method, which is to collect and interpret the data from your experiment. This would be like checking to see if your lamp actually works after you've screwed in the light bulb a little bit tighter.
After the fifth step, you would move on to the sixth step of the scientific method, which is to draw conclusions. When you're drawing conclusions, you're basically asking, should we accept or reject the original hypothesis that you made? Let's say that you screwed in your light bulb a little bit tighter, checked to see if it worked and then all of a sudden it did work. At that point, you would accept your hypothesis and move on to the last step of the scientific method, which is step number 7, peer review and publish.
By peer review, what this means is that you would get one of your peers, maybe your parents or one of your classmates, to check your entire scientific method process. They would check it for errors and mistakes. If your peers review your process and approve it, you can go on to publishing your data, your results, and your conclusions, which could be published in primary literature. All of the information in your textbook comes directly from published primary literature that has undergone this scientific method multiple times.
Now let's say, for example, that you went through this process. You screwed in your light bulb a little bit tighter, checked to see if your lamp worked, but then you realized that it did not actually work. In that case, you would need to reject your original hypothesis. If you reject the original hypothesis, you would not go to step 7; instead, you would go on to repeat the entire process so it would be a cycle. You would have to make an observation, maybe it's the same observation. You would ask a question, maybe it's the same question. But then you would need to formulate a new hypothesis and make a new prediction, and that would require the design and conduction of a new experiment. Of course, you would repeat this entire process over and over again until you are capable of accepting your original hypothesis and publishing your information.
So this here is really the scientific method and that concludes our introduction to the scientific method. In our next video, we're going to distinguish between predictions, hypotheses, and theories. So I'll see you guys in that video.