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Ch. 3 The Cell
Chapter 3, Problem 3.15a

Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.


a. In a gene, each nucleotide specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence.

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1
Identify the incorrect part of the statement: The statement claims that each nucleotide in a gene specifies one amino acid.
Recall the correct relationship: In reality, a sequence of three nucleotides, known as a codon, specifies one amino acid.
Understand the genetic code: The genetic code is composed of triplets of nucleotides, where each triplet corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.
Correct the statement: Change the statement to reflect that a sequence of three nucleotides (a codon) specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence.
Rephrase the statement: 'In a gene, each codon, which is a sequence of three nucleotides, specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence.'

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Genetic Code

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA corresponds to the sequence of amino acids in proteins. It is based on codons, which are groups of three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid. This means that each amino acid is encoded by one or more codons, not by a single nucleotide.
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Genetic Code

Transcription and Translation

Transcription is the process by which the information in a gene's DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then undergoes translation, where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein. Understanding these processes is crucial for correcting statements about protein synthesis.
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3) Termination of Transcription

Amino Acids and Polypeptides

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is determined by the mRNA, which is transcribed from the DNA. The relationship between amino acids and their corresponding codons is essential for understanding how proteins are synthesized from genetic information.
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