Chapter 10, Problem 10.8a
Order the following events of excitation and excitation-contraction coupling. Put 1 by the first event, 2 by the second, and so on.
____The motor end plate generates an end-plate potential.
____The action potential spreads along the T-tubules, SR Ca2+ channels are pulled open, and Ca2+ flood the cytosol.
____Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate, and ligand-gated ion channels open.
____Ca2+ bind troponin, which allows tropomyosin to move away from the actin active site, initiating a contraction cycle.
____The action potential propagates through the sarcolemma and dives deeply into the cell along the T-tubules.
Video transcript
What is the basic mechanism of contraction at the level of myofilaments?
Jesse is a 2-year-old boy who presents with difficulty in walking and poor control of movements. When the doctor examines Jesse, she notices that when his muscles contract, they are very slow to relax and remain contracted well after the movement has been performed. She sends a sample of his tissue for genetic analysis, and the lab reports a genetic defect that causes the pumps in the SR to operate much more slowly than normal. How does a defect in DNA lead to a malfunctioning protein? How does this finding explain Jesse's symptoms? (Connects to Chapter 3)
Paola is a 3-year-old girl with a disease that reduces the ability of her mitochondria to generate ATP. Explain the specific effects of this disease on the ability of Paola's muscles to function properly. What other tissues and organs are likely to be especially affected by her disease, and why? (Connects to Chapter 3)
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of ATP in a muscle contraction?
a. ATP is directly responsible for the power stroke.
b. ATP moves troponin and tropomyosin away from actin.
c. ATP breaks the actin/myosin attachment and 'cocks' the myosin head.
d. ATP causes the myofilaments to shorten.