Multiple ChoiceArteries tend to have thicker walls than veins. Which of the following is a reason for this?221views1rank
Multiple ChoiceThe pressure at point A in the circulatory system is 15 mm Hg, & the pressure at point B is 8 mm Hg. Blood is flowing from point A to point B, then a physiological change causes the pressure at point B to increase to 10 mm Hg. What will happen to the rate of blood flow?217views3rank
Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following physiological changes would likely occur in someone’s blood vessels when they begin an intense exercise session?209views2rank
Multiple ChoiceAssuming each of these blood vessels have the same difference in pressure along their length, which would have the lowest resistance and therefore, the greatest rate of blood flow?181views4rank
Textbook QuestionVern is suffering from cardiac arrhythmias and is brought into the emergency room of a hospital. In the emergency room he begins to exhibit tachycardia and as a result loses consciousness. Explain why Vern lost consciousness.195views
Textbook QuestionWhen we are cold or the external temperature is low, most venous blood returning from the distal part of the arm travels in the deep veins where it picks up heat (by countercurrent exchange) from the nearby brachial artery en route. However, when we are hot, and especially during exercise, venous return from the distal arm travels in the superficial veins and those veins tend to bulge superficially in a person who is working out. Explain why venous return takes a different route in the second situation.228views
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following would not result in the dilation of the terminal arterioles and upstream arterioles in systemic capillary beds? a. a decrease in local tissue O₂ content, b. an increase in local tissue CO₂, c. a local increase in histamine, d. a local increase in pH.255views1rank
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.e. The sympathetic nervous system causes vasodilation in the skin when body temperature decreases.210views
Textbook QuestionCompare the effects of the cardioacceleratory and cardioinhibitory centers on cardiac output and blood pressure.145views
Textbook QuestionBob is sitting outside on a warm day and is sweating profusely. Mary wants to practice taking blood pressures, and he agrees to play the patient. Mary finds that Bob's blood pressure is elevated, even though he is resting and has lost fluid from sweating. (She reasons that fluid loss should lower blood volume and, thus, blood pressure.) Why is Bob's blood pressure high instead of low?185views
Textbook QuestionBlood is transported through the venous system by means of (a) skeletal muscle contractions, (b) decreasing blood pressure, (c) the respiratory pump, (d) a and c.183views
Textbook QuestionThe most important factor in vascular resistance is (a) the viscosity of the blood, (b) the diameter of the lumen of blood vessels, (c) turbulence due to irregular surfaces of blood vessels, (d) the length of the blood vessels.188views
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following conditions would have the greatest effect on peripheral resistance? (a) doubling the length of a vessel, (b) doubling the diameter of a vessel, (c) doubling the viscosity of the blood, (d) doubling the turbulence of the blood, (e) doubling the number of white cells in the blood.206views
Textbook QuestionHow do pressure and resistance affect cardiac output and peripheral blood flow?189views
Textbook QuestionMultiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Using the figure, determine which vessels have the most resistance. a. arteries b. veins c. capillaries d. arterioles e. venules218views
Textbook QuestionHow does the control of blood flow to the skin for the purpose of regulating body temperature differ from the control of nutrient blood flow to skin cells?194views1rank
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance?a. Increased blood viscosityb. Shorter vesselc. Vasodilationd. An increase in vessel radius198views
Textbook QuestionExplain the mechanisms that assist in the return of venous blood to the heart.212views
Textbook QuestionYou are babysitting two children who are having a contest to see who can hang upside-down for the longest time. At the end of the contest, both children feel dizzy and are worried they are sick. Explain to them why they feel this way and why the effect is only temporary. (Hint: Consider how the baroreceptor reflex responds when a person hangs upside-down.)158views
Textbook QuestionThe Agawam High School band is playing some lively marches while the coaches are giving pep talks to their respective football squads. Although it is September, it is unseasonably hot (88°F/31°C) and the band uniforms are wool. Suddenly Ryan, the tuba player, becomes light-headed and faints. Explain his fainting in terms of vascular events.223views
Textbook Questiona. Define blood pressure. Differentiate between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. b. What is the normal blood pressure value for an adult?237views
Textbook QuestionArterial blood pressure increases in response to a. increasing stroke volume, b. increasing heart rate, c. atherosclerosis, d. rising blood volume, e. all of these.276views
Textbook QuestionJolene awakens suddenly to the sound of her alarm clock. Realizing that she is late for class, she jumps to her feet, feels light-headed, and falls back on her bed. What probably caused this reaction? Why doesn't this happen all the time?177views
Textbook QuestionMultiple Choice More than one choice may apply. An increase in BP would be caused by all of the following except a. increase in SV. b. increase in heart rate. c. hemorrhage. d. vasoconstriction of the arterioles.255views
Textbook QuestionJohn is a 30-year-old man who is overweight and smokes. He has been diagnosed with hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Define each of these conditions. How are they often related? Why is hypertension called the 'silent killer'? Name three changes in your lifestyle that might help prevent cardiovascular disease in your old age.301views
Textbook QuestionMrs. Rees is brought to the emergency room after being involved in an auto accident. She is hemorrhaging and has a rapid pulse that can barely be felt, but her blood pressure is still within normal limits. Describe the compensatory mechanisms that are maintaining her blood pressure in the face of blood loss.253views
Textbook QuestionMr. Grimaldi was previously diagnosed as having a posterior pituitary tumor that causes hypersecretion of ADH. He comes to the clinic regularly to have his blood pressure checked. Would you expect his blood pressure to be chronically elevated or depressed? Why?215views
Textbook QuestionThe carotid sinus contains:a. baroreceptors.b. chemoreceptors.c. metabolic controls.d. smooth muscle cells.229views
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following would produce a decrease in blood pressure?a. Increased cardiac outputb. Vasodilationc. Vasoconstrictiond. Increased blood volume245views
Textbook QuestionFill in the blanks: The two pressures within the systemic arterial circuit are the_____pressure and t_____pressure. The difference between these two pressures is the_____ pressure.161views
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.a.The sympathetic nervous system increases blood pressure in the short term by increasing cardiac output and peripheral resistance.158views
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.b. A sudden increase or decrease in blood pressure triggers the baroreceptor reflex, which is mediated by the medulla and the autonomic nervous system.175views
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.c. Hormones that decrease blood volume and blood pressure include antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone.179views
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.d. Angiotensin-II is a chemical that produces profound vasoconstriction.186views
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.e. The kidneys control blood pressure directly through adjustment of blood volume.168views
Textbook QuestionDefine each term:a. Pressure gradientb. Blood pressurec. Blood flowd. Resistance155views
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.a. Arterioles reflexively dilate when blood pressure increases.161views
Textbook QuestionExplain why a person who is 7 feet tall is likely to have higher blood pressure than a person whose height is 4 feet.142views
Textbook QuestionPredict the effects of each of the following on systemic arterial blood pressure:b. Caffeine consumption, which increases heart rate and causes vasoconstriction140views
Textbook QuestionMs. Rodgers has been diagnosed with secretion of inappropriate ADH syndrome (SIADH). What effect will SIADH have on the amount of water in her body? What symptoms would you expect from this condition? How would it affect her blood pressure and net filtration pressure? (Connects to Chapter 16)166views
Textbook QuestionYour friend Jillian, who knows little about science, is reading a magazine article about a patient who had an 'aneurysm at the base of his brain that suddenly grew much larger.' The surgeons' first goal was to 'keep it from rupturing,' and the second goal was to 'relieve the pressure on the brain stem and cranial nerves.' The surgeons were able to 'replace the aneurysm with a section of plastic tubing,' so the patient recovered. Jillian asks you what all this means. Explain.225views
Textbook QuestionPeople with allergies commonly take antihistamines with decongestants to relieve their symptoms. The container warns that individuals who are being treated for high blood pressure should not take the medication. Why not?191views
Textbook QuestionExplain the reasons for the observed changes in blood flow velocity in the different regions of the circulation.231views
Textbook QuestionHow are nutrients, wastes, and respiratory gases transported to and from the blood and tissue spaces?189views
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.d. The increase in tissue perfusion in skeletal muscle that occurs during exercise is known as hyperemia.155views
Textbook QuestionExplain why the skin and lips of fair-skinned individuals may 'turn blue' in very cold weather.153views
Textbook QuestionEdema is a common clinical problem. On your first day of a clinical rotation, you encounter four patients who have edema for different reasons. Your challenge is to explain the edema in terms of either an increase or a decrease in one of the four pressures that causes bulk flow (see Focus Figure 18.1). (1) First you encounter Mrs. Taylor in the medical unit awaiting a liver transplant. What is the connection between liver failure and her edema? (2) Next in the obstetric ward, Mrs. So is experiencing premature labor and has edema in her legs. Which bulk flow pressures might be altered here? (3) In emergency, Mr. Herrera is in anaphylactic shock. His capillaries have become leaky, allowing plasma proteins that are normally kept inside the blood vessels to escape into the interstitial fluid. Which of the bulk flow pressures is altered in this case and in what direction is the change? (4) Finally, in oncology Mrs. O'Leary is recovering from breast cancer surgery. Her right breast and all of her axillary lymph nodes were removed. Unfortunately, this severed most of the lymphatic vessels draining her right arm. You notice that this arm is quite edematous. Why? Mrs. O'Leary is given a compression sleeve to wear on this arm to help relieve the edema. Which of the bulk flow pressures will be altered by the compression sleeve?255views
Textbook QuestionNet hydrostatic pressure forces water ____a capillary; net osmotic pressure reabsorbs water _____ a capillary. (a) into, out of, (b) out of, into, (c) out of, out of, (d) into, into.205views
Textbook QuestionWhat are the primary forces that cause fluid to move (a) out of a capillary at its arterial end and into the interstitial fluid, (b) into a capillary at its venous end from the interstitial fluid?193views
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following is greater? (a) the osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid during inflammation, (b) the osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid during normal conditions, (c) neither is greater.169views
Textbook QuestionCapillary permeability increase and plasma proteins leak into the interstitial fluid as part of the inflammatory process. Why is this desirable?321views
Textbook QuestionThe hydrostatic pressure gradient drives water_____capillaries, and the colloid osmotic pressure draws water____capillaries.a. out of; out ofb. out of; intoc. into; out ofd. into; into143views
Textbook QuestionTracing the blood from the heart to the right hand, we find that blood leaves the heart and passes through the aorta, the right subclavian artery, the axillary and brachial arteries, and through either the radial or ulnar artery to arrive at the hand. Which artery is missing from this sequence? a. coronary, b. brachiocephalic, c. cephalic, d. right common carotid.390views
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