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14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

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Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Example 1

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Example 1

Divisions of the ANS

Divisions of the ANS

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Example 2

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Example 2

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The Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

The Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

Professor Dave Explains

ANS versus Somatic Nervous System

ANS versus Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Dr Matt & Dr Mike

Comparing the ANS and SNS: Anatomy and Physiology

Comparing the ANS and SNS: Anatomy and Physiology

Dr. Frank O'Neill GrowGrayMatter

Functions of the ANS

Functions of the ANS

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Interactions

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Interactions

The Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

The Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

Professor Dave Explains

Sympathetic versus Parasympathetic Nervous System | Nervous System

Sympathetic versus Parasympathetic Nervous System | Nervous System

Dr Matt & Dr Mike

Functions of the ANS

Functions of the ANS

Anatomical Differences Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions: Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomical Differences Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions: Anatomy and Physiology

Dr. Frank O'Neill GrowGrayMatter

Autonomic Nervous System (Sympathetic & Parasympathetic) - Overview

Autonomic Nervous System (Sympathetic & Parasympathetic) - Overview

Dr Matt & Dr Mike

Parasympathetic Nervous System Function: Anatomy and Physiology

Parasympathetic Nervous System Function: Anatomy and Physiology

Dr. Frank O'Neill GrowGrayMatter

Sympathetic Nervous System Function: Anatomy and Physiology

Sympathetic Nervous System Function: Anatomy and Physiology

Dr. Frank O'Neill GrowGrayMatter

The Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

The Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

Professor Dave Explains

Sympathetic versus Parasympathetic Nervous System | Nervous System

Sympathetic versus Parasympathetic Nervous System | Nervous System

Dr Matt & Dr Mike

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Practice this topic

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the primary functional difference between the somatic nervous system (SNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Multiple Choice

Ruby has just eaten a large meal and is now laying down on the couch to relax. Her _________________ nervous system becomes active, allowing her to digest her meal. She decides to watch a horror movie, which causes her ___________________ nervous system to take over as her heartbeat _________________ and sweat glands become active.

Textbook Question

Tiffany, a 21-year-old college student, is having trouble sleeping, cries frequently, and has recurrent thoughts of suicide. An antidepressant is prescribed. Like many such drugs, this antidepressant has anticholinergic side effects. What side effects might Tiffany experience in the first week of treatment?

Textbook Question

Mr. Johnson suffers from urinary retention and a hypoactive urinary bladder. Bethanechol, a drug that mimics acetylcholine's autonomic effects, is prescribed to manage his problem. First explain the rationale for prescribing bethanechol, and then predict which of the following adverse effects Mr. Johnson might experience while taking this drug (select all that apply): dizziness, low blood pressure, deficient tear formation, wheezing, increased mucus production in bronchi, deficient salivation, diarrhea, cramping, excessive sweating, undesirable erection of penis.

Textbook Question

A 32-year-old woman complains of intermittent aching pains in the medial two fingers of both hands. During such episodes, the fingers become blanched and then blue. Her history is taken, and it is noted that she is a heavy smoker. The physician advises her that she must stop smoking and states that she will not prescribe any medication until the patient has discontinued smoking for a month. What is this patient's condition, and why was she told to stop smoking?

Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The visceral motor division is also known as the autonomic nervous system and maintains homeostasis of many physiological variables.

Textbook Question

The preganglionic and ganglionic neurons are missing from the diagram below showing the distribution of sympathetic innervation. Indicate their distribution using red for the preganglionic neurons and black for the ganglionic neurons.

Textbook Question

Relate each of the following terms or phrases to either the sympathetic (S) or parasympathetic (P) division of the autonomic nervous system: ______ (1) short preganglionic, long postganglionic fibers ______ (2) intramural ganglia ______ (3) craniosacral part ______ (4) adrenergic fibers ______ (5) cervical ganglia ______ (6) otic and ciliary ganglia

Textbook Question

Relate each of the following terms or phrases to either the sympathetic (S) or parasympathetic (P) division of the autonomic nervous system: ______ (7) generally short-duration action ______ (8) increases heart rate and blood pressure ______ (9) increases gastric motility and secretion of lacrimal, salivary, and digestive juices ______ (10) innervates blood vessels ______ (11) most active when you are relaxing in a hammock ______ (12) active when you are running in the Boston Marathon

Textbook Question

The division of the ANS that prepares the body for activity and stress is the_____division. (a) sympathetic, (b) parasympathetic, (c) craniosacral, (d) intramural, (e) somatomotor.

Textbook Question

Collateral sympathetic ganglia are involved with innervating a. abdominal organs, b. thoracic organs, c. head, d. arrector pili, e. all of these.

Textbook Question

Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the ANS include (a) dilation of the pupils, (b) increased secretion by digestive glands, (c) dilation of respiratory passages, (d) increased heart rate, (e) increased breakdown of glycogen by the liver.

Textbook Question

Starting in the spinal cord, trace an action potential through the sympathetic division of the ANS until it reaches a target organ in the abdominopelvic region.

Textbook Question

Briefly explain why the following terms are sometimes used to refer to the autonomic nervous system: involuntary nervous system and emotional-visceral system.

Textbook Question

Describe the anatomical relationship of the white and gray rami communicantes to the spinal nerve, and indicate the kind of fibers found in each ramus type.

Textbook Question

What are the major components of (c) the enteric nervous system?

Textbook Question

Which of the effects listed in response to question 9 would be reversed by parasympathetic activity?

Textbook Question

All preganglionic autonomic fibers release______at their axon terminals, and the effects are always_____ . (a) norepinephrine, inhibitory, (b) norepinephrine, excitatory, (c) acetylcholine, excitatory, (d) acetylcholine, inhibitory.

Textbook Question

The neurotransmitter at all synapses and neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions in the parasympathetic division of the ANS is (a) epinephrine, (b) norepinephrine, (c) cyclic-AMP, (d) acetylcholine.

Textbook Question

Which three collateral ganglia serve as origins for ganglionic neurons that innervate organs or tissues in the abdominopelvic region?

Textbook Question

What two distinctive results are produced by the stimulation of sympathetic ganglionic neurons?

Textbook Question

Which four pairs of cranial nerves are associated with the cranial segment of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Textbook Question

Which six plexuses in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities innervate visceral organs, and what are the effects of sympathetic versus parasympathetic stimulation?

Textbook Question

Dual innervation refers to situations in which (a) vital organs receive instructions from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, (b) the atria and ventricles of the heart receive autonomic stimulation from the same nerves, (c) sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers have similar effects, (d) all of these are correct.

Textbook Question

Why does sympathetic function remain intact even when the anterior roots of the cervical spinal nerves are damaged?

Textbook Question

During sympathetic stimulation, a person may begin to feel 'on edge'; this is the result of (a) increased energy metabolism by muscle tissue, (b) increased cardiovascular activity, (c) stimulation of the reticular activating system, (d) temporary insensitivity to painful stimuli, (e) decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood.

Textbook Question

Under which of the following circumstances would the diameter of peripheral blood vessels be greatest? (a) increased sympathetic stimulation, (b) decreased sympathetic stimulation, (c) increased parasympathetic stimulation, (d) decreased parasympathetic stimulation, (e) both increased parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation.

Textbook Question

You are home alone at night when you hear what sounds like breaking glass. What physiological effects would this experience probably produce, and what would be their cause?

Textbook Question

The condition known as shock is characterized in part by a decreased return of venous blood to the heart. How could an upsetting situation, such as the sight of a tragic accident or very bad news, produce some temporary symptoms of shock?

Textbook Question

Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and digestive functions is carried out by the:

a. somatic motor division of the peripheral nervous system.

b. central nervous system.

c. visceral sensory division of the peripheral nervous system.

d. autonomic nervous system.

Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The crossed-extension reflex occurs simultaneously with the simple stretch reflex.

Textbook Question

Differentiate between adrenergic and cholinergic receptors.

Textbook Question

Explain what happens when sympathetic neurons stimulate the adrenal medulla. What purpose does this serve?

Textbook Question

Which of the following best describes the basic function of the autonomic nervous system?

a. Controls the somatic nervous system

b. Controls automatic functions to maintain homeostasis

c. Detects somatic sensory information

d. All of the above

Textbook Question

Central nervous system control over the ANS is mediated by:

a. the reticular formation.

b. the hypothalamus.

c. the thalamus.

d. both a and b.

Textbook Question

All of the following characterize the ANS except a. a two-neuron efferent chain, b. presence of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, c. presence of neuron cell bodies in the ganglia, d. innervation of skeletal muscles.

Textbook Question

What three functional groups of neurons are found in the nervous system? What is the function of each type of neuron?

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