10. Muscles

Each of the following terms describes a muscle's action EXCEPT __________.

997

Each of the following terms is used to describe the shape of a muscle EXCEPT __________.

1041

Names of muscles can indicate all of the following EXCEPT __________.

2291

Straight muscles, with fibers that run parallel to an imaginary line such as the long axis of the body, are called __________.

The deltoid is a muscle named according to __________.

992

Name the three pennate muscles in the following figure, and for each muscle indicate the type of pennate muscle based on the relationship of muscle fascicles to the tendon. a. ___ b. ___ c. ___ d. ___ e. ___ f. ___

308

The arrangement of muscle fibers in which the fibers are arranged at an angle to a central longitudinal tendon is a. circular, b. longitudinal, c. pennate, d. parallel.

316

Label the three visible muscles of the rotator cuff in the following posterior view of the deep muscles that move the arm. a. ___ b. ___ c. ___

233

Match the muscle names in column B to the facial muscles described in column A. Column A ______ (1) squints the eyes ______ (2) raises the eyebrows ______ (3) smiling muscle ______ (4) puckers the lips ______ (5) pulls the scalp posteriorly Column B a. corrugator supercilii b. depressor anguli oris c. frontal belly of epicranius d. occipital belly of epicranius e. orbicularis oculi f. orbicularis oris g. zygomaticus

325

The prime mover of inspiration is the a. diaphragm, b. internal intercostals, c. external intercostals, d. abdominal wall muscles.

324

The arm muscle that both flexes and supinates the forearm is the a. brachialis, b. brachioradialis, c. biceps brachii, d. triceps brachii.

443

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Which are ways in which muscle names have been derived? a. Attachments b. Size c. Function d. Location

281

The chewing muscles that protract the mandible and produce side-to-side grinding movements are the a. buccinators, b. masseters, c. temporalis, d. pterygoids.

396

Muscles that depress the hyoid bone and larynx include all but the a. sternohyoid, b. omohyoid, c. geniohyoid, d. sternothyroid.

346

The strongest masticatory muscle is the (a) pterygoid, (b) masseter, (c) temporalis, (d) mandible.

310

Intrinsic muscles of the back that promote extension of the spine (or head) include all but a. splenius muscles, b. semispinalis muscles, c. scalene muscles, d. erector spinae.

520

The muscle that rotates the eye medially is the (a) superior oblique, (b) inferior rectus, (c) medial rectus, (d) lateral rectus.

342

Several muscles act to move and/or stabilize the scapula. Which of the following are small rectangular muscles that square the shoulders as they act together to retract the scapula? a. levator scapulae, b. rhomboids, c. serratus anterior, d. trapezius.

366

Important flexors of the vertebral column that act in opposition to the erector spinae are the (a) rectus abdominis, (b) longus capitis, (c) longus colli, (d) scalene.

246

A prime mover of thigh flexion is the a. rectus femoris, b. iliopsoas, c. vastus muscles, d. gluteus maximus.

314

The major extensor of the elbow is the (a) triceps brachii, (b) biceps brachii, (c) deltoid, (d) subscapularis.

246

The prime mover of thigh extension against resistance is the a. gluteus maximus, b. gluteus medius, c. biceps femoris, d. semimembranosus.

292

The muscles that rotate the radius without producing either flexion or extension of the elbow are the (a) brachialis and brachioradialis, (b) pronator teres and supinator, (c) biceps brachii and triceps brachii, (d) a, b, and c.

323

Which criterion (or criteria) is/are used in naming the gluteus medius? a. relative size, b. muscle location, c. muscle shape, d. action, e. number of origins.

309

The powerful flexor of the hip is the (a) piriformis, (b) obturator, (c) pectineus, (d) iliopsoas.

245

Which of the following is a large, deep muscle that protracts the scapula during punching? a. serratus anterior, b. rhomboids, c. levator scapulae, d. subscapularis.

285

Knee extensors known as the quadriceps femoris consist of the (a) three vastus muscles and the rectus femoris, (b) biceps femoris, gracilis, and sartorius, (c) popliteus, iliopsoas, and gracilis, (d) gastrocnemius, tibialis, and peroneus.

372

Which muscles act to propel food down the length of the pharynx to the esophagus?

225

List the four patterns of fascicle arrangement used to classify the different types of skeletal muscles.

377

Name and describe the action of muscles used to shake your head no; to nod yes.

299

a. Name two forearm muscles that are powerful extensors and abductors of the hand. b. Name the sole forearm muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints.

326

Which four muscle groups make up the axial musculature?

317

Name four criteria used in naming muscles, and provide an example (other than those used in the text) that illustrates each criterion.

459

Differentiate between the arrangement of elements (load, fulcrum, and effort) in first-, second-, and third-class levers.

234

a. Name the four muscle pairs that act in unison to compress the abdominal contents. b. How does their arrangement (fiber direction) contribute to the strength of the abdominal wall? c. Which of these muscles can effect lateral rotation of the spine? d. Which can act alone to flex the spine?

298

What three functional groups make up the muscles of the lower limbs?

247

Name two muscles in each of the following compartments or regions: f. third muscle layer of the foot, g. posterior compartment of leg, h. medial compartment of thigh, i. posterior compartment of thigh.

275

Name two muscles in each of the following compartments or regions: a. thenar eminence (ball of thumb), b. posterior compartment of forearm, c. anterior compartment of forearm—deep muscle group, d. anterior muscle group in the arm, e. muscles of mastication,

296

When Mrs. O'Brien returned to her doctor for a follow-up visit after childbirth, she complained that she was incontinent (having problems controlling her urine flow) when she sneezed. The physician asked his nurse to give Mrs. O'Brien instructions on how to perform exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor. To which muscles was he referring?

333

As Kendra's coach watched her sail over the high jump bar, he contracted his right orbicularis oculi muscle, raised his arm, and contracted his opponens pollicis. Was he pleased or displeased with her performance? How do you know?

227

The muscles of the vertebral column include many posterior extensors but few anterior flexors. Why?

237

Mary's newborn is having trouble suckling. The doctor suggests that it may be a problem with a particular muscle. What muscle is the doctor probably referring to? (a) orbicularis oris, (b) buccinator, (c) masseter, (d) risorius, (e) zygomaticus.

254

If 'adductor' is part of the name of a muscle, what does that tell you about the muscle?

a. It is a wide muscle.

b. It is a long muscle.

c. It raises a body part.

d. It pulls a body part toward the midline.

212

Match the term with its description:

_____Brevis

_____Digitorum

_____Hallucis

_____Rectus

_____Flexor

_____Pronatora.

a. Related to the fingers/toes

b. Straightc.

c. Short

d.Decreases the angle between bones

e. Turns palm down

f. Related to the hallux (great toe)

209

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The temporalis and occipitalis muscles are attached to each other by the epicranial aponeurosis.

220

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The orbicularis oris muscle is located around the eye.

239

The thick, bandlike muscle of mastication that covers much of the ramus of the mandible is the:

a. masseter muscle.

b. temporalis muscle.

c. lateral pterygoid muscle.

d. risorius muscle.

167

Which of the erector spinae muscles is most lateral to the vertebral column?

a. Spinalis muscle

b. Iliocostalis muscle

c. Semispinalis muscle

d. Longissimus muscle

205

Which of the following muscle groups is considered muscles of inspiration?

a. External intercostal muscles

b. Internal intercostal muscles

c. External oblique muscles

d. Internal oblique muscles

195

Which of the following is not a muscle of the rotator cuff?

a. Teres major muscle

b. Teres minor muscle

c. Subscapularis muscle

d. Infraspinatus muscle

e. Supraspinatus muscle

382