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26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Electrolyte Balance

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Electrolyte Balance

Sodium balance, blood volume, and blood pressure regulation

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Hormones in Body Fluid Homestasis

Hormones in Body Fluid Homestasis

Armando Hasudungan

Aldosterone: Sodium and Potassium Balance

Aldosterone: Sodium and Potassium Balance

Practice this topic

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?

Multiple Choice

The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid is potassium.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would increase sodium excretion?

Multiple Choice

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the __________ to __________ water excretion.

Multiple Choice

A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is __________.

Multiple Choice

The condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as __________.

Multiple Choice

The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is __________.

Multiple Choice

When the concentration of Na⁺ in the ECF decreases, __________.

Multiple Choice

The only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is __________.

Multiple Choice

Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________.

Multiple Choice

When atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the heart because of increased blood pressure, it causes __________.

Textbook Question

Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions are the predominant electrolytes in a. plasma, b. interstitial fluid, c. intracellular fluid.

Textbook Question

Sodium balance is regulated primarily by control of amount(s) a. ingested, b. excreted in urine, c. lost in perspiration, d. lost in feces.

Textbook Question

Answer questions 5 through 10 by choosing responses from the following: a. ammonium ions b. bicarbonate c. calcium d. chloride e. hydrogen ions f. magnesium g. phosphate h. potassium i. sodium j. water Two main substances regulated by the influence of aldosterone on the kidney tubules.

Textbook Question

Explain why and how total body sodium content, ECF volume, and blood pressure are jointly regulated.

Textbook Question

Explain how Na ⁺ balance, ECF volume, and blood pressure are jointly regulated.

Textbook Question

Mrs. Bush, a 70-year-old woman, is admitted to the hospital. Her history states that she has been suffering from diarrhea for three weeks. On admission, she complains of severe fatigue and muscle weakness. A blood chemistry study yields the following information: Na⁺ 142 mEq/L; K⁺ 1.5 mEq/L; Cl ⁻ 92 mEq/L; Pco₂ 32 mm Hg. Which electrolytes are within normal limits? Which are so abnormal that the patient has a medical emergency? Which of the following represents the greatest danger to Mrs. Bush? a. a fall due to her muscular weakness, b. edema, c. cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac arrest.

Textbook Question

Which of the following is false with respect to sodium ions in human physiology?

a. Sodium ions are the most abundant extracellular cation.

b. Sodium ions are an important osmotic particle in the ECF.

c. The entry of sodium ions into a cell causes depolarization.

d. Sodium ions are more concentrated in the cytosol than in the ECF.

Textbook Question

List the effects of each of the following hormones on electrolyte balance. Note that some hormones affect more than one electrolyte.

a. Angiotensin-II

b. Aldosterone

c. Parathyroid hormone

d. Vitamin D

e. Atrial natriuretic peptide

Textbook Question

Which of the following effects tend to be caused by hypernatremia?

a. Inhibition of ADH secretion

b. Cellular crenation

c. Cellular swelling

d. Increased urine production

Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Potassium ions are responsible for the repolarization phase of the action potential.

Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. Insulin, aldosterone, and epinephrine stimulate the uptake of potassium ions into cells.

Textbook Question

How does an electrolyte differ from a nonelectrolyte?

Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Hyperkalemia tends to decrease the resting membrane potential and hyperpolarize excitable cells.

Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Hypocalcemia causes neurons to become hyperexcitable, leading to potential tetanic contractions.

Textbook Question

Which of the following statements correctly describe(s) the role of aldosterone?

a. Aldosterone triggers sodium ion and so water reabsorption.

b. Aldosterone triggers potassium ion secretion.

c. Aldosterone triggers hydrogen ion secretion.

d. Both a and b are correct.

e. All of the above are correct.

Textbook Question

Your friend argues that all water conducts electricity, regardless of what it contains. You prepare three liquids to test this hypothesis: one with deionized water (with no solutes, only water molecules), one with 5% glucose in water, and one with 5% sodium chloride in water. Which of these solutions, if any, will conduct an electric current? Explain.

Textbook Question

What happens to the concentration of sodium ions in the ECF if you consume a large amount of salt without consuming any water? How will this affect the osmotic pressure of the ECF? Why could this lead to an elevation in blood pressure? (Connects to Chapter 19)See answers in Appendix A.

Showing 28 of 28 practice

Potassium, calcium, and anion balance regulation

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Potassium Regulation

Potassium Regulation

Lance Miller, PhD

Calcium and Phosphate Regulation

Calcium and Phosphate Regulation

Armando Hasudungan

Practice this topic

Multiple Choice

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases Ca²⁺ deposition in the bones.

Multiple Choice

The most important factor that influences K⁺ secretion is __________.

Multiple Choice

What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid?

Multiple Choice

Parathyroid hormone __________.