3. Energy & Cell Processes

In brewing beer, maltose (a disaccharide of glucose) is __________.

Muscle tissues make lactate from pyruvate to do which of the following?

In glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound?

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of which of the following compounds?

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvate is reduced to form lactate or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step __________.

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? a. the citric acid cycle b. the electron transport chain c. glycolysis d. reduction of pyruvate to lactate

Which of the following correctly describe the fermentation pathway? Select True or False for each statement. T/F It includes a reaction that oxidizes NADH to NAD+. T/F It synthesizes ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. T/F It includes a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH. T/F It synthesizes electron acceptors, so that cellular respiration can continue.

Which of the following is a distinction between cellular respiration and fermentation? a. the transfer of from intermediate substrates to ADP b. the movement of H+ across a membrane down its concentration gradient c. the splitting of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate d. electrons moving through the electron transport chain

In which of the following is the first molecule becoming reduced to the second molecule? a. pyruvate → acetylCoA b. pyruvate → lactate c. glucose → pyruvate d. NADH + H+ →NAD+ + 2H

Anaerobic respiration                   . a. generates proteins for muscles to use; b. occurs in yeast cells only; c. does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor; d. uses glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain

Compare and contrast fermentation as it occurs in your muscle cells and in yeast cells.