2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Which molecule most easily diffuses across a biological membrane's lipid bilayer, without help of a protein?

According to the map above, what kind of large molecule transport is also called the process of cell 'eating'?

Match the term with its appropriate definition.    

_____Osmosis    

_____Secondary active transport    

_____Exocytosis    

_____Phagocytosis    

_____Simple diffusion    

_____Primary active transport    

_____Pinocytosis    

_____Facilitated diffusion

a. Type of endocytosis in which a large particle is ingested

b. Transport across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient via direct use of energy from ATP

c. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane

d. Movement of solvent from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration

e. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane via a channel or carrier protein

f. Type of endocytosis in which ECF is brought into the cell in a protein-coated pit

g. Release of large substances from the cell through a vesicle

h. Transport of a substance across the plasma membrane against its concentration gradient using the energy from the 'downhill' movement of another substance

Epithelial cells of the kidneys have pumps that drive the transcellular transport of sodium ions.

b. The movement of sodium ions drives the transcellular transport of water. Explain why water follows sodium. (Connects to ​Chapter 3​)