Understanding Session Border Controllers: Comprehensive Guide to Deploying and Maintaining Cisco Unified Border Element Solutions, 1st edition
Published by Cisco Press (December 6, 2018) © 2019
- Kaustubh Inamdar
- Steve Holl
- Gonzalo Salgueiro
- Kyzer Davis
- Chidambaram Arunachalam
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Understanding Session Border Controllers gives network professionals and consultants a comprehensive guide to SBC theory, design, deployment, operation, security, troubleshooting, and more. Using CUBE-based examples, the authors offer insights that will be valuable to technical professionals using any SBC solution.
The authors thoroughly cover native call control protocols, SBC behaviour, and SBC’s benefits for topology abstraction, demarcation and security, media, and protocol interworking. They also present practical techniques and configurations for achieving interoperability with a wide variety of collaboration products and solutions.
- Evaluate key benefits of SBC solutions for security, management, and interoperability
- Master core concepts of SIP, H.323, DTMF, signalling interoperability, call routing, fax/modem over IP, security, media handling, and media/signal forking in the SBC context
- Compare SBC deployment scenarios, and optimise deployment for your environment
- Size and scale an SBC platform for your environment, prevent oversubscription of finite resources, and control cost through careful licensing
- Use SBCs as a back-to-back user agent (B2BUA) to interoperate between asymmetric VoIP networks
- Establish SIP trunking for PSTN access via SBCs
- Interoperate with call servers, proxies, fax servers, ITSPs, redirect servers, call recording servers, contact centres, and other devices
- Secure real-time communications over IP
- Mitigate security threats associated with complex SIP deployments
- Efficiently monitor and manage an SBC environment
   Introduction xxxiii
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 Laying the Groundwork 1
   Overview of SIP 3
   Overview of H.323 18
   Introduction to SIP Trunking 20
   Introduction to SDP 26
   Overview of B2BUAs 42
   Session Border Controllers 44
   Cisco Unified Border Element 53
   Summary 54
   References 54
Chapter 2 SBC Deployment Models 55
   Purposeful Deployments 56
   CUBE Deployment Options 61
   Multi-VRF Support on CUBE 68
   SBC High Availability 72
   Summary 108
   References 109
Part II Architecture, Capabilities and Design
Chapter 3 Call Routing 111
   Dialing and Routing a SIP Call 112
   Call Routing Types 128
   Next-Hop Determination 132
   End-to-End Call Trace 141
   CUBE Call Routing Mechanisms 149
   Summary 221
   References 222
Chapter 4 Signaling and Interworking 225
   SIP—SIP Interworking 226
   SIP Header Interworking 281
   SIP Normalization 283
   Transport and Protocol Interworking 299
   Supplementary Services 312
   SIP—H.323 Interworking 319
   Summary 323
   References 323
Chapter 5 Media Processing 327
   Real-Time Transport Protocol 328
   Real-Time Transport Control Protocol 334
   SBC Handling of RTP and RTCP 341
   Symmetric and Asymmetric RTP/RTCP 354
   DSP-Based RTP Handling on SBCs 356
   Media Anti-Tromboning 374
   Alternative Network Address Types 378
   Solving NAT Traversal Challenges 380
   Troubleshooting RTP 404
   Summary 413
   References 413
Chapter 6 Secure Signaling and Media 415
   Understanding Secure Technologies 415
   Establishing Secure Sessions 449
   SBC Signaling and Media Security 474
   Alternative Security Methods 504
   Summary 504
   References 505
Chapter 7 DTMF Interworking 509
   Introduction to DTMF Relay 510
   Variants of DTMF Relay 512
   DTMF Relay on SBCs 530
   Configuring and Troubleshooting DTMF Relay 546
   Summary 568
   References 568
Chapter 8 Scalability Considerations 571
   Platform Sizing 572
   Licensing 598
   Overload Prevention Techniques 610
   Summary 625
   References 626
Part III Integrations and Interoperability
Chapter 9 SIP Trunking for PSTN Access Through SBCs 627
   Best Practices for ITSP Access with SBCs 628
   SIP Trunk Registration 635
   Authentication 642
   Registration with SBCs 648
   Troubleshooting 671
   Summary 677
   References 677
Chapter 10 Fax over IP (FoIP) on SBCs 679
   Introduction to Fax 680
   Analyzing a Basic Fax Call 683
   Fax over IP (FoIP) 699
   SBC Handling of FoIP 721
   FoIP on CUBE 723
   Summary 750
   References 750
Chapter 11 Network-Based Call Recording 751
   The Business Need for Call Recording 752
   IETF SIP Recording Architecture (SIPREC) 753
   SIPREC Configuration 763
   SIPREC Troubleshooting 775
   Cisco UC Gateway Services Architecture 789
   The XCC and XMF Data Model 792
   API-Based Recording 797
   API-Based Recording Configuration 811
   API-Based Recording Troubleshooting 823
   Summary 836
   References 836
Chapter 12 Contact Center Integration 839
   Cisco UCCE Architecture 840
   Inbound Calls to Agents 847
   Call Transfers 885
   Courtesy Callback 902
   Call Progress Analysis (CPA) 914
   Troubleshooting Scenarios 931
   Summary 953
   References 953
Part IV Security and Operations
Chapter 13 Security Threat Mitigation 955
   An Overview of Security Threats to Collaboration Solutions 956
   Types of Security Threats 959
   Other SBC Security Features 998
   Designing Collaboration Networks for Security 1009
   Summary 1018
   References 1018
Chapter 14 Monitoring and Management 1021
   Monitoring 1021
   Management 1050
   Summary 1069
   References 1070
Appendix A Q.850 Release Cause Values 1073
9781587144769, TOC, 11/7/2018
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Kaustubh Inamdar, CCIE Voice No. 42277, is an escalation point for the Multiservice teams of the Cisco Unified Communications Technical Assistance Center (TAC) in India. He has worked on numerous complex VoIP issues for Cisco partners and key customers. He is a subject matter expert in the area of real-time communications and has deep knowledge of the associated standards and protocols. He is also the co-inventor of five patents (pending) in diverse areas such as collaboration, security, machine learning, and cloud technologies.
Steve Holl, CCIE Collaboration No. 22739, manages a global engineering team that supports the Cisco Collaboration as a Service (CaaS) offering for Cisco’s largest customers. Joining Cisco in 2005, he previously served as a team lead for voice solutions in the Global Technical Assistance Center (TAC). Steve graduated from the Rochester Institute of Technology with a bachelor of science in Applied Networking and System Administration, and he later completed a master’s of engineering in Engineering Management at the University of Colorado Boulder. In addition to holding a CCIE since 2008, Steve is also an ITIL Expert, PMP, and Six Sigma Black Belt. In his spare time, he enjoys cooking with his wife, Jenn, playing loud guitar solos, and undertaking outdoor adventures.
Gonzalo Salgueiro, CCIE No. 4541, is a Principal Engineer at Cisco, working on several emerging technologies and the services opportunities they offer. Gonzalo has spent more than 20 years at Cisco, establishing himself as a subject matter expert, an innovator, and an industry thought leader in various technologies, including Collaboration, ML/AI, Cloud, and IoT.
Gonzalo is an established member of numerous industry organizations and is a regular presenter and distinguished speaker at a variety of technical industry conferences and Cisco events around the world. He currently holds various industry leadership roles, including serving as a member of the Board of Directors of the SIP Forum, co-chair of the INSIPID and SIPBRANDY IETF working groups, a member of the IoT Directorate in the IETF, and co-chair of the WebRTC Task Group, IPv6 Task Group, and FoIP Task Group in the SIP Forum. He is an active contributor to various industry organizations and standardization activities.
Gonzalo previously co-authored the Cisco Press books IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things as well as Fax, Modem, and Text for IP Telephony. He has also co-authored 25 IETF RFCs, 4 IEEE papers, 4 ITU contributions, and numerous industry and academic research papers on a variety of different technical topics. He is also co-inventor of 100+ patents (issued and pending) and has contributed to various interop and open source development efforts. Gonzalo received a master’s degree in Physics from the University of Miami.
Kyzer Davis, CCIE Collaboration No. 54735, is an escalation point for the worldwide Multiservice teams of the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC). He is the focal point for supporting, troubleshooting, and resolving complex solution-level problems involving Voice, Video, and Cloud portions of the Cisco Unified Collaboration product portfolio.
In addition to his work on this book, Kyzer has also authored numerous technical white papers on Cisco Collaboration configuration, architecture, and protocol design. In addition, he works with Learning@Cisco on strategy and content development for numerous Cisco certifications. Kyzer is a technology enthusiast and mentor who is always working on automation initiatives and dabbling with new and evolving technology in the lab. He also enjoys a mean barbecue.
Chidambaram (Arun) Arunachalam, CCIE No. 14809, is a Cisco Principal Engineer, responsible for resolving complex problems in large-scale collaboration networks. He works closely with engineering teams to drive solution-level serviceability requirements for end-to-end call signaling analysis in contact center environments and with industry experts for defining end-to-end SIP message logging capabilities (logme). He co-leads the Collaboration focus area within the TAC Technology office and is currently working on innovations such as Faster Cisco Support Experience (direct connection to engineer) and TAC Virtual Spaces (Webex Teams as a real-time communication channel for support engagements). He is a contributor to Wireshark and guides NCSU graduate students in developing Wireshark dissectors. His areas of interest include ease of doing business, talent development, and innovation.
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