Chapter 1 The Role of Analysis in Engineering        1
1.1 Introduction        1
1.2 Analysis and Engineering Design        4
1.3 Analysis and Engineering Failure        7
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Chapter 2 Dimensions and Units        15
2.1 Introduction        15
2.2 Dimensions        16
2.3 Units        20
2.4 SI Units        25
2.5 English Units        32
2.6 Mass and Weight        35
2.7 Unit Conversions        41
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Chapter 3 Analysis Methodology        51
3.1 Introduction        51
3.2 Numerical Calculations        52
3.2.1 Approximations        53
3.2.2 Significant Figures        54
3.3 General Analysis Procedure        61
3.4 The Computer as an Analysis Tool        77
3.4.1 Spreadsheets        78
3.4.2 Equation Solvers and Mathematics Software        80
3.4.3 Programming Languages        80
3.4.4 Specialty Software        82
3.4.5 Finite Element Software        82
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Chapter 4 Mechanics        91
4.1 Introduction        91
4.2 Scalars and Vectors        94
4.2.1 Vector Operations        96
4.2.2 Vector Components        97
4.2.3 Unit Vectors        99
4.3 Forces        103
4.4 Free-Body Diagrams        110
Procedure for Constructing Free-Body Diagrams        110
4.5 Equilibrium        116
4.6 Stress and Strain        123
4.6.1 Stress        124
4.6.2 Strain        125
4.6.3 Hooke’s Law        126
4.6.4 Stress—Strain Diagram        127
4.7 Design Stress        131
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Chapter 5 Electrical Circuits        145
5.1 Introduction        145
5.2 Electric Charge And Current        147
5.3 Voltage        155
5.4 Resistance        158
5.5 Ohm’S Law        162
5.6 Simple DC Circuits        165
5.7 Kirchhoff’s Laws        172
5.7.1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law        172
5.7.2 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law        173
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Chapter 6 Thermodynamics        185
6.1 Introduction        185
6.2 Pressure and Temperature        186
6.2.1 Pressure        187
6.2.2 Temperature        189
6.3 Forms of Energy        193
6.3.1 Potential Energy        194
6.3.2 Kinetic Energy        195
6.3.3 Internal Energy        195
6.3.4 Total Energy        196
6.4 Work and Heat        198
6.4.1 Mechanical Work        199
6.4.2 Heat        203
6.5 The First Law of Thermodynamics        207
6.6 Heat Engines        214
6.7 The Second Law of Thermodynamics        217
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Chapter 7 Fluid Mechanics        227
7.1 Introduction        227
7.2 Fluid Properties        230
7.2.1 Density, Specific Weight, and Specific Gravity        230
7.2.2 Bulk Modulus        233
7.2.3 Viscosity        234
7.3 Fluid Statics        239
7.3.1 Pressure—Elevation Relationship        239
7.3.2 Forces on Submerged Surfaces        241
7.4 Flow Rates        243
7.5 Conservation of Mass        246
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Chapter 8 Renewable Energy        258
8.1 Introduction        258
8.1.1 Environmental Considerations        260
8.2 Solar        261
8.2.1 Solar Energy Systems        262
8.2.2 Photovoltaic Systems        265
8.3 Wind        274
8.3.1 Basic Energy Analysis of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine        278
8.4 Hydro        281
8.4.1 Basic Energy Analysis of a Hydropower Plant        283
8.5 Geothermal        285
8.5.1 Basic Energy Analysis of a Binary Plant        286
8.6 Marine        290
8.6.1 Tidal        290
8.6.2 Ocean        291
8.6.2.2 Ocean Waves        292
8.7 Biomass        296
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Chapter 9 Data Analysis: Graphing        302
9.1 Introduction        302
9.2 Collecting and Recording Data        305
9.2.1 Data Identification and Association        305
9.2.2 Accuracy, Precision, and Error        306
9.2.3 Recording Data        310
9.3 General Graphing Procedure        312
9.3.1 Dependent and Independent Variables        314
9.3.2 Variable Ranges        315
9.3.3 Graph Paper        315
9.3.4 Location of Axes        316
9.3.5 Graduation and Calibration of Axes        317
9.3.6 Axis Labels        320
9.3.7 Data Point Plotting        321
9.3.8 Curves        322
9.3.9 Legends and Titles        324
9.3.10 Graphing with Computer Software        324
9.4 Curve Fitting        328
9.4.1 Common Mathematical Functions        329
9.4.2 Method of Selected Points        330
9.4.3 Least Squares Linear Regression        337
9.5 Interpolation and Extrapolation        341
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Chapter 10 Data Analysis: Statistics        355
10.1 Introduction        356
10.2 Data Classification and Frequency Distribution        357
Data Classification Guidelines        358
10.3 Measures of Central Tendency        361
10.3.1 Mean        361
10.3.2 Median        362
10.3.3 Mode        365
10.4 Measures of Variation        365
10.5 Normal Distribution        368
Appendix
Index
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