INTRODUCTION
Definitions
The West Invents Modernity
Was there an Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution and Western Power
Shock and Awe in the Periphery
The Premodern World
From Premodern to Modern
Coming to Grips with the West
Catching the West: Precocious Egypt
Catching the West: Meiji Japan
The Periphery Fights Back
Modernization in the Colonies
The Structure of this Book
1. Porfirio Díaz: Importing Modernity
Spain’s Jewel in the Crown
Rich Colony
Struggling Republic
Years of Chaos
La Reforma and the French Invasion
The Rise of Porfirio Díaz
Díaz in Power
Modernizing Mexico
The Díaz System
Premodern Mexico
Railroads: Touchstones of Modernity
The American Connection
Exports versus Indians
Indians and Immigrants
Industrializing Mexico
The New Economy Breeds Unrest
Educating the Masses
Toward the Revolution
Sources
Porfirio Díaz, Memorias
Mexico through American Eyes
A Cientifico Analyzes the Porfiriato
Díaz Campaign Image
2. Menelik II: Africa’s Modernizing Lion
An Ancient People
An Ambitious King
Appropriating European Power
Italy’s Empire in Africa
Fortifying Shoa
Menelik Becomes Emperor
Imperial Rivalries
The Battle of Adowa
Suddenly “Civilized”
Repercussions of Adowa
Forging a Centralized State
Economic Change
Menelik’s Concessions
Conclusion
Sources
Menelik Writes to the King of Italy
Ethiopia from a British Diplomat’s Perspective
Ethiopia’s Economy through American Eyes
Ethiopian Railroad Stock Certificate
3. Sun Yatsen: Revolutionary Outsider
The World’s Greatest Premodern State
Barbarians at the Gate
Self-Strengthening to Save the Empire
Sun Yatsen and the Overseas Chinese
From Medicine to Politics
From Reformer to Revolutionary
Revolution from Afar
The Boxers
Blueprint for a New China
A Decade of Change
Creating the Republic
Developing China
A Second Revolution
Unlikely Anti-Imperialist
Redefining the Three Principles
Conclusion
Sources
Sun Yatsen Pleads for Reform, 1894
Sun Yatsen Issues the Republican Manifesto, 1912
Sun Yatsen Explains the Principle of Livelihood,1912
A Picture of Rural Life In China
4. Mustafa Kemal: Muslim Modernity
Europe’s “Other”
Early Efforts at Reform
Reforming a Multicultural Empire
The Rise of Mustafa Kemal
The Young Turks
Mustafa Kemal, War Hero
From Empire to Republic
A Revolutionary Republic
The First Wave
The New Woman
Modernizing the Mind
Reforming the Language
“Turkification” or Westernization?
Failed Opposition
Modernizing the Economy
Legacy of Reform
Sources
Mustafa Kemal’s Great Speech
The Idea of the Republic
Abolishing the Sultanate
Suppressing the Republic’s Enemies
Early Reforms
EPILOGUE: MAKING CONNECTIONS
THE ROADS TO MODERNITY
Centralization
Infrastructure and Industry
Secularization
National Identity
Democracy
Social Engineering
Modernization and the Cold War
Modernization or Westernization?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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