Operant conditioning relies on

• A. stimulus substitution.
• B. involuntary behavior.
• C. biological preparedness.
• D. voluntary behavior.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of operant conditioning: It is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.
2. Identify the key components of operant conditioning: These include reinforcement (positive or negative) and punishment (positive or negative), which are used to increase or decrease voluntary behaviors.
3. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary behavior: Voluntary behaviors are actions that are under conscious control, while involuntary behaviors are automatic responses not under conscious control.
4. Recognize that operant conditioning is primarily concerned with voluntary behavior: This is because it involves the use of consequences to modify actions that are consciously controlled by the individual.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is voluntary behavior, as operant conditioning is designed to influence actions that individuals choose to perform based on the consequences they experience.