Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Snell's Law
Snell's Law describes how light bends when it passes from one medium to another. It states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equal to the ratio of the indices of refraction of the two media. This principle is essential for calculating the angles at which light refracts when entering a new medium, such as diamond from air.
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Index of Refraction
The index of refraction is a dimensionless number that describes how fast light travels in a medium compared to its speed in a vacuum. It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. Different wavelengths of light have different indices of refraction, which leads to phenomena such as dispersion, where colors separate when passing through a prism or other optical materials.
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Angular Separation
Angular separation refers to the difference in angles of refraction for different wavelengths of light as they pass through a medium. In this context, it is the angle difference between the refracted rays of violet and red light in diamond. This separation occurs due to the varying indices of refraction for different colors, leading to distinct paths for each wavelength after refraction.
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Conservation of Angular Momentum