A person breathes with aid of the pressure difference between the lungs and the atmosphere. A lifesaver on a rescue mission underwater decides to use a snorkel tube that links lungs to the atmosphere at the surface of the water. The increasing water depth collapses the chest cavity, and consequently, decreases the pressure difference experienced in the lungs. Determine the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the lungs when the lifesaver is 5.0 m below the surface of the water. Inside pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.

A drum with a 0.800 m high layer of oil is left outside for some time. The drum collects rainwater, creating a 0.400 m thick layer of water. The oil has a density of 750 kg/m3. i) Calculate the gauge pressure at the boundary of the two layers. ii) Calculate the gauge pressure at the bottom of the drum.

Siphoning fluids with a pipe is a common practice, despite the risk of choking. The water level in a tall tank is fairly low. A pipe is inserted into the water in the tank. A person sucks on the other end of the pipe lifting water by 1.0 m above the level of water in the tank but doesn't succeed in making water flow through the siphon. i) Determine the least gauge pressure attained inside the person's lungs during this activity. ii) Why is the pressure negative?

A newly discovered planet has a 1.2 km deep ocean. The gravitational acceleration on that planet is 5.20 m/s². i) Assuming the ocean is filled with fresh water, determine the gauge pressure at the bottom of the ocean. ii) Determine the depth of the earth's ocean where a gauge would record similar pressure.

A submarine operates at a depth of 450 m below the surface of seawater. The submarine has a square glass window of length 20 cm. Determine the net force on the window from the ocean water and air inside the submarine. Assume air pressure inside the submarine is equal to the pressure at the surface of the ocean; pressure remains constant on the entire window surface; the density of water remains constant as depth increases. 

Suppose a volcanic eruption at the bed of the ocean creates a new deepest point with a depth of 12.5 km below the surface of the ocean. Determine the pressure at this deepest point. Take the density of ocean water, ρ = 1030 kg/m³.

If a duct is at interstellar pressure (P = 4.0 × 10^-22 atm), find the circumference of a piston connected that suspends a 20 kg TV set in the air on the Earth's surface.