Phenol is weakly acidic and can be deprotonated in basic solutions compared to cyclohexanol. The pK_a of phenol is 10, while the pK_a of cyclohexanol is 16. Explain why the pK_a of phenol is lower than the pK_a of cyclohexanol. 

Consider the following pair of compounds:

Compounds A and B are both sparingly soluble water. In dilute potassium hydroxide solution, compound B is very soluble but compound A is still sparingly soluble. Show how you can exploit this difference in solubility to separate these two compounds from a mixture.

Give the reagents that will complete the synthesis shown below: