Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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4:27 minutes

Problem 26k,l

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds:
(k)
(l)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional groups in each compound. For compound (k), the structure shows a six-membered ring with a nitrogen atom and a carbonyl group (C=O), indicating it is a lactam. For compound (l), the structure shows a six-membered ring with a nitrogen atom and an acyl group (C=O-CH3), indicating it is an amide.

Draw the Lewis structure for compound (k). Start by drawing the six-membered ring with alternating single bonds. Place the nitrogen atom in the ring and connect it to the carbonyl group. Add the methyl group (CH3) attached to the nitrogen.

Draw the Lewis structure for compound (l). Start by drawing the six-membered ring with alternating single bonds. Place the nitrogen atom in the ring and connect it to the acyl group (C=O-CH3).

Assign formal charges to each atom in both compounds to ensure the structures are neutral. Typically, nitrogen will have a lone pair, and the carbonyl oxygen will have two lone pairs.

Classify each compound based on the identified functional groups. Compound (k) is classified as a lactam due to the presence of the nitrogen atom in the ring with a carbonyl group. Compound (l) is classified as an amide due to the presence of the nitrogen atom bonded to an acyl group.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They help visualize the arrangement of electrons and the connectivity of atoms, which is crucial for understanding molecular geometry and reactivity. Drawing a Lewis structure involves determining the total number of valence electrons and distributing them to satisfy the octet rule for each atom.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. In the provided structure, the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) and an amine group (N-H) indicates that the compound may exhibit properties typical of ketones or amides, respectively.

Molecular Classification

Molecular classification involves categorizing compounds based on their structural features and functional groups. This classification helps predict the behavior and reactivity of the compounds. For example, the compound in the image can be classified as an amide due to the presence of the carbonyl group adjacent to a nitrogen atom, which influences its chemical properties and potential reactions.