What type of isomerism is indicated by each of the following pairs of molecules? Be as specific as possible. (b)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the molecular structures: The first structure is a cyclopentane, a five-membered carbon ring. The second structure is methylcyclobutane, a four-membered carbon ring with a methyl group attached.
2. Determine the molecular formula for each structure: Cyclopentane has the formula C5H10, and methylcyclobutane also has the formula C5H10.
3. Compare the connectivity of atoms: In cyclopentane, all five carbon atoms are connected in a single ring. In methylcyclobutane, four carbon atoms form a ring, and the fifth carbon is part of a methyl group attached to the ring.
4. Recognize the type of isomerism: Since both molecules have the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms, they are constitutional isomers.
5. Conclude the type of isomerism: The specific type of isomerism shown by these molecules is structural isomerism, also known as constitutional isomerism.

Key Concepts

Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations. This can lead to variations in physical and chemical properties. Understanding isomerism is crucial for distinguishing between different types of compounds and their reactivity.

Constitutional Isomers

Constitutional isomers are a type of isomerism where compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. This means that the atoms are bonded in different orders, leading to distinct structural forms. The example in the question illustrates two constitutional isomers, a pentagon (cyclopentane) and a square (cyclobutane), which have different shapes and properties despite having the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Structural Representation

Structural representation is a way of depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It provides insight into the connectivity and geometry of the compound. In the context of the question, the structural representations of the pentagon and square help identify them as constitutional isomers, highlighting how different arrangements of the same atoms can lead to distinct molecular structures.