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Ch. 13 - Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Chapter 10, Problem 13.6a

When a eukaryotic cell is infected with an enveloped virus and sheds viruses slowly over time, this infection ___________ .


a. is called a lytic infection
b. is a prophage cycle
c. is called a persistent infection
d. is caused by a quiescent virus

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1
Understand the types of viral infections: Lytic infections result in the destruction of the host cell, while persistent infections do not immediately destroy the host cell.
Consider the characteristics of enveloped viruses: These viruses often exit the host cell by budding, which allows the host cell to remain intact and continue producing viruses over time.
Analyze the options: A lytic infection (option a) involves rapid destruction of the host cell, which does not align with the slow shedding described.
Evaluate the term 'prophage cycle' (option b): This term is related to bacteriophages and lysogeny, not directly applicable to eukaryotic cells and enveloped viruses.
Consider the definition of a persistent infection (option c): This type of infection involves the slow release of viruses over time without immediate host cell death, matching the scenario described.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, distinguishing them from prokaryotic cells. They are found in organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi. Understanding the structure and function of eukaryotic cells is essential for comprehending how viruses interact with host cells during infection.
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Enveloped Viruses

Enveloped viruses are a type of virus that have an outer lipid membrane, derived from the host cell, which surrounds their protein coat. This envelope is crucial for the virus's ability to enter host cells and can influence the virus's mode of transmission and persistence within the host. Recognizing the characteristics of enveloped viruses helps in understanding their infection mechanisms.
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Persistent Infection

A persistent infection occurs when a virus remains in the host for an extended period, often shedding new virions slowly without causing immediate cell death. This contrasts with lytic infections, where the host cell is destroyed. Persistent infections can lead to chronic diseases and are significant in understanding viral pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
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