Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Transformation
Transformation is a process in which a bacterium takes up free DNA from its environment and incorporates it into its own genome. This can occur naturally or be induced artificially in laboratory settings. It is a key mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, allowing for genetic diversity and adaptation in bacterial populations.
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Horizontal Gene Transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the movement of genetic material between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. This process includes transformation, transduction, and conjugation, and is crucial for the spread of traits such as antibiotic resistance among bacteria, significantly impacting microbial evolution.
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Naked DNA
Naked DNA refers to DNA that is not associated with proteins or cellular structures, making it available for uptake by competent cells during transformation. This form of DNA can be derived from lysed cells or introduced artificially, and its uptake is a critical step in genetic engineering and molecular biology research.
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