Look again at the trends illustrated in Figures 2.3 and 2.4. a. How do the peaks/valleys correlate with locations in the periodic table? b. Are there other chemical properties that also exhibit periodic trends? What are they?

Question

Graph showing electronegativity trends across atomic numbers 0 to 100.

Accepted Answer

Welcome back everyone. We need to consider the periodic trend shown in the figure below. For part one deduce a relationship between the peaks and valleys in the figure and their position in the periodic table and for part to provide other properties that will show the same trend in the periodic table, if any. So looking at our diagram given we have the atoms flooring, chlorine, bromine idea and a 17 which are highest Or which represent the peaks in our in our figure. And recognize that each of these five atoms that I'm underlying, underlining all our group seven a halogen. These are all of our peaks on the figure. Now, looking at the atoms at the valleys of our graph, we have the atoms lithium sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and frenzy. Um we want to recognize that each of these atoms are group one a alkali metals based on our atoms in the valleys, we can see that they are associated with having the lowest electro negativity values, all ranging at about one or below one. Whereas our group seven a halogen atoms at the peaks of our figure, all are associated with having higher electro negativity values ranging between 2.4 and about a value of four for their electro negativity ease. And so we can say that our halogen which again are at our peaks we can say at the peaks all have the highest electro negativity will just say N for short, whereas our group won a alkali metals, all at the valleys have the lowest electro negativity values. And if we recall our trend for electro negativity on our periodic table, recall that it increases as we go towards the top right of our periodic table. And also recall that flooring is considered the most electro negative atom on our table. So what our given figure is outlining definitely does make sense. Let's look at our answer choices and see if for part one, what we've said so far definitely makes sense. So looking at choices A through G. Or H. Rather we can already rule out choices B. And choices D. Because or as well as choice H and G. We can rule out because they outlined that for part one, the peaks and valleys correspond to the periods. However, we determined that the peaks and valleys most correspond to the group numbers for identifying our atoms as either halogen or alkali metals where alkali metals we stated have the lowest electro negativity values. And religions have the higher electro negativity values. So, so far we're between choices A. C. And actually we can also rule out choice F since it includes choice B. So let's keep going and move on to part to provide the other properties that will show the same trend in the periodic table, if any. So, let's recall our next trend on the periodic table which is going to be for the same magnitude of electro negativity which across our product table increases towards the top right. And we should recall that these or this next trend is going to be electron affinity. Which we should recall describes the amount of energy that is released when an electron is added to an atom. And so recall that electron affinity describes the strength of attraction of an electron to an atom. And on our product table we would observe that it also follows the same trend increasing towards the direction of florin. Which we not only find in group seven A. But we find across period two which is pretty high up on our periodic table. We also should recall our trend which also matches the same magnitude as electron affinity and increasing electro negativity. And this trend is going to be for ionization energy. And recall that we have the first ionization energy and it would continue to move upward in levels as the 2nd, 3rd and 4th ionization energies based on the number of electrons removed from an atom. So recall that ionization energy describes energy required to remove an electron from an atom and measures how tightly an electron is held to the nucleus of an atom since we know that electrons are within our atoms and surround our nucleus. So let's recall that for an atom like flooring on our periodic table, it's going to be pretty difficult since a lot of energy is required to remove an electron from its valence shell. So now with these three trends outlined, we can see that they all have the same pattern based on our periodic trends. And we can look at choices A. C. And E. Where in choice A. It says that for Part two, the ionization energy will also show the same trend in the periodic table. And for C. It says that for part two the electron affinity of elements will show the same trend in the periodic table. We can actually agree with what choice A. And C. Says for parts one and two of this prompt, meaning that our final answer to complete this example is going to be choice E, which states that choices A. And C. Outlined the correct trends and relationship of our given figure with our group one A. And group seven A. Atoms. So I hope that this made sense. And please let us know if you have any questions.

Look again at the trends illustrated in Figures 2.3 and 2.4. a. How do the peaks/valleys correlate with locations in the periodic table? b. Are there other chemical properties that also exhibit periodic trends? What are they?

Verified Solution

Key Concepts

Periodic Trends

Electronegativity

Correlation with the Periodic Table