Fill in the missing organic product or reactant for the following hydration reactions:


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the type of reaction: This is a hydration reaction, which typically involves the addition of water (H₂O) to an alkene to form an alcohol.
2. Determine the structure of the alkene: Analyze the given image or description to identify the carbon-carbon double bond in the alkene.
3. Apply Markovnikov's rule: In hydration reactions, the hydrogen atom from water will add to the carbon with the most hydrogen atoms already attached, while the hydroxyl group (OH) will add to the other carbon.
4. Draw the intermediate carbocation: After the initial addition of the hydrogen, a carbocation intermediate is formed on the more substituted carbon atom.
5. Complete the reaction: The hydroxyl group (OH) from water will then attach to the carbocation, resulting in the formation of the alcohol product.

Key Concepts

Hydration Reactions

Hydration reactions involve the addition of water to a compound, typically an alkene, resulting in the formation of alcohols. This process is crucial in organic chemistry as it transforms unsaturated hydrocarbons into more functionalized products. Understanding the mechanism of hydration, including the role of catalysts like acids, is essential for predicting the products of these reactions.

Markovnikov's Rule

Markovnikov's Rule states that in the addition of HX (where X is a halogen or OH) to an alkene, the hydrogen atom will attach to the carbon with the greater number of hydrogen atoms already attached. This principle helps predict the major product of hydration reactions, guiding chemists in determining the structure of the resulting alcohol based on the alkene's substitution pattern.

Reaction Mechanism

A reaction mechanism outlines the step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions that occur during a chemical transformation. In hydration reactions, understanding the mechanism helps in identifying intermediates, such as carbocations, and the transition states involved. This knowledge is vital for predicting reaction outcomes and optimizing conditions for desired products.