15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Provide the systematic name for the following ketone.

Which of the following compounds represent 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone?

Provide the systematic name for the following cyclic ketone. 

Give common name for following ketone.

Provide common name for given ketone.

Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:

A cyclic alpha-hydroxyketone, C₅H₈O₂

Redraw each of the following in line structure format. Indicate which compounds have an aldehyde carbonyl group, a ketone carbonyl group, or neither. 

<IMAGE>

Redraw each of the following in line structure format. Indicate which compounds have an aldehyde carbonyl group, a ketone carbonyl group, or neither. 

e. CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₃

Draw structures corresponding to the following aldehyde and ketone names:

1,1,1-Trichloro-3-pentanone

Give IUPAC names for the following aldehydes and ketones: <IMAGE>

The following names are incorrect. What is wrong with each?

1-Pentanone

Give systematic, IUPAC names for the following compounds. Redraw each in line structure format.

O

II

a. CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂

O

II

b. CH₃CH₂CCH₂CH₃

CH₃ O

I II

c. CH₃CH₂CHCH₂CH

d. Dipropyl ketone

Aldosterone is a key steroid involved in controlling the sodium–potassium balance in the body. Identify the functional groups in aldosterone. <IMAGE>

Draw all the ketones you can with a chemical formula of C₈H₁₆O whose longest chain is eight carbons. Name each using both its IUPAC and common name.

Draw the structural formulas of the following compounds:

2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane

The compound carvone is responsible for the odor of spearmint. Identify the functional groups in carvone. <IMAGE>

Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:

A 6-carbon cyclic ketone with a methyl group on the beta carbon

Draw a structure for a compound that meets each of the following descriptions:

An 8-carbon ketone with six carbons as its longest chain

Aldosterone is a key steroid involved in controlling the sodium–potassium balance in the body. Identify the functional groups in aldosterone. <IMAGE>

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: (12.3)

c. <IMAGE>

Compound X is a secondary alcohol whose formula is C₃H₈O. When compound X is heated with strong acid, it dehydrates to form compound Y (C₃H₆). When compound X is oxidized, compound Z (C₃H₆O) forms, which cannot be oxidized further. Draw the condensed structural formulas and give the IUPAC names for compounds X, Y, and Z. (12.3, 12.4)

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

b. <IMAGE>

Give the common name for each of the following:

b. <IMAGE>

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

c. <IMAGE>

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:

b. 4-chloro-2-pentanone

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:

c. butyl methyl ketone