Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 29m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 35m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines38m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 46m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Amino Acid Classifications

GOB Chemistry

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Amino Acid Classifications

Previous problemNext problem

Multiple Choice

Provide one letter codes for amino acids with neutral hydrophilic R groups that participate in H bonding.

S, T, Y, C, G

S, T, Y, N, Q

S, T, Y, C, N, Q

S, T, Y, A, Q

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Textbook Question

Valine is an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain and serine is one with a polar side chain. Draw the two amino acids.

a. Why is the side chain for valine nonpolar, whereas the side chain for serine is polar?

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Textbook Question

Which amino acid is hydrophilic (dissolves in aqueous solutions)? Why?

a. isoleucine

b. phenylalanine

c. aspartic acid

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Textbook Question

Cell membranes are studded with proteins. Some of these proteins, involved in the transport of molecules across the membrane into the cell, span the entire membrane and are called transmembrane proteins. The interior of the cell membrane is hydrophobic and nonpolar, whereas both the extracellular and intracellular fluids are water-based.

a. List three amino acids you would expect to find in the part of a transmembrane protein that lies within the cell membrane.

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Textbook Question

Four of the most abundant amino acids in proteins are leucine, alanine, glycine, and valine. What do these amino acids have in common? Would you expect these amino acids to be found on the interior or on the exterior of the protein?

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Textbook Question

Is phenylalanine hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Explain why.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following amino acids is most likely to be found on the outside of a soluble protein, and which of them is more likely to be found on the inside? Explain each answer. (Hint: Consider the effect of the amino acid side chain in each case and that the protein is folded up into its globular form.)

a. Valine

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Textbook Question

List the amino acids with side chains that are capable of hydrogen bonding. Draw an example of two of these amino acids hydrogen bonding to one another. For each one, draw a hydrogen bond to water in a separate sketch. Refer to Section 8.2 for help with drawing hydrogen bonds.

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Textbook Question

What are some differences between each of the following pairs? (16.1, 16.2, 16.3)

c. polar and nonpolar amino acids

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Textbook Question

How does the polarity of the R group in leucine compare to the R group in serine?

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Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following amino acids at physiological pH:

a. lysine

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the amino acids in problem 16.5 as polar or nonpolar. If polar, indicate if the R group is neutral, acidic, or basic. Indicate if each is hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

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Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following amino acids and put an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers in your structure:

b. lysine

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the amino acids in Problem 10.1 as polar (neutral, acidic, or basic) or nonpolar and as hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

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Textbook Question

Give the three-letter and one-letter abbreviations and identify the functional group in the side chain for each amino acid in Problem 10.1.

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Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following amino acids and put an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers in your structure:

c. methionine

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Textbook Question

Classify each amino acid in Problem 10.4 as polar (neutral, acidic, or basic) or nonpolar and as hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

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Textbook Question

Isoleucine has the zwitterion structure shown. Draw the structure and give the net charge of isoleucine that will predominate at the indicated pH values (pI = 6.0).

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b. pH 6.0

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Textbook Question

Glycine has the zwitterion structure shown. Draw the structure and give the net charge of glycine that will predominate at the indicated pH values (pI = 6.0).

<IMAGE>

b. pH 12.0

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Open Question

Classify each amino acid as polar, nonpolar, acidic, or basic.

a) Glu

b) Val

c) Pro

d) Lys

e) Gln

f) Arg

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