Write the IUPAC and common name, if any, for each of the following carboxylic acids:
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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the longest carbon chain that includes the carboxyl group ($-COOH$).
2. Number the carbon chain starting from the carboxyl carbon as carbon 1.
3. Identify and name any substituents attached to the carbon chain.
4. Combine the names of the substituents with the name of the parent chain, ensuring to include the position numbers.
5. For the IUPAC name, replace the '-e' ending of the alkane name with '-oic acid'. For the common name, use the traditional name if it exists.

Key Concepts

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more carboxyl groups (-COOH). They are known for their acidic properties due to the ability of the carboxyl group to donate a proton (H+). Common examples include acetic acid and citric acid, which are widely used in food and industry.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature provides a systematic method for naming chemical compounds. For carboxylic acids, the IUPAC name is derived from the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group, with the suffix '-oic acid' added. This standardized naming helps avoid confusion and ensures clarity in chemical communication.

Common Names

Common names are traditional names used for chemical compounds that may not follow systematic naming conventions. For carboxylic acids, these names often reflect historical usage or specific characteristics, such as 'acetic acid' for ethanoic acid. Understanding both common and IUPAC names is essential for effective communication in chemistry.