Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Lewis Symbols
Lewis symbols are a way to represent the valence electrons of an atom using dots around the element's symbol. Each dot corresponds to a valence electron, and the arrangement helps visualize how atoms bond with each other. For representative elements, the number of dots typically corresponds to the group number in the periodic table.
Recommended video:
Lewis Dot Symbols (Simplified) Concept 2
Ion Formation
Ions are charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons. A cation, like X²⁺, indicates that the atom has lost two electrons, resulting in a positive charge. Understanding how and why ions form is crucial for predicting chemical behavior and bonding patterns in compounds.
Recommended video:
Amide Formation Concept 1
Representative Elements
Representative elements are found in groups 1, 2, and 13-18 of the periodic table and include metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. These elements exhibit a wide range of chemical properties and typically follow predictable patterns in their electron configurations, which influence their ionization and bonding characteristics.
Recommended video:
Periodic Table: Representative Elements & Transition Metals