a. What are the products in the fission of uranium-235 that make possible a nuclear chain reaction? (5.6)

Key Concepts

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear fission is the process by which a heavy atomic nucleus, such as uranium-235, splits into two or more smaller nuclei, along with the release of energy and neutrons. This reaction is initiated when a nucleus absorbs a neutron, becoming unstable and breaking apart. The energy released during fission can be harnessed for power generation, while the emitted neutrons can trigger further fission events, leading to a chain reaction.

Chain Reaction

A chain reaction occurs when the products of a nuclear fission event, particularly the released neutrons, induce additional fission events in nearby nuclei. In the case of uranium-235, each fission can release 2-3 neutrons, which can then collide with other uranium-235 nuclei, perpetuating the reaction. For a sustained chain reaction, a critical mass of fissile material is required to ensure that enough neutrons are available to continue the process.

Fission Products

Fission products are the smaller nuclei formed as a result of the fission of uranium-235. These products typically include isotopes of elements such as barium, krypton, and strontium, among others. Some of these fission products are radioactive and can further decay, releasing additional energy and neutrons, which can contribute to the chain reaction. Understanding these products is crucial for managing nuclear reactions and their byproducts safely.