Which of the following are found in cell membranes?


a. proteins
b. waxes
c. phospholipids

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the main components of cell membranes in biological systems.
2. Recall that cell membranes are primarily composed of a lipid bilayer.
3. Understand that phospholipids are a major component of the lipid bilayer, providing structure and fluidity to the membrane.
4. Recognize that proteins are embedded within or associated with the lipid bilayer, playing roles in transport, signaling, and structural support.
5. Consider that waxes are not typically a component of cell membranes, as they are more commonly found in protective coatings on surfaces.

Key Concepts

Cell Membrane Structure

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a biological barrier that separates the interior of a cell from its external environment. It is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which provides fluidity and flexibility, allowing for the movement of various molecules in and out of the cell.

Proteins in Cell Membranes

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane play crucial roles in various functions, including transport, signaling, and structural support. These membrane proteins can be integral, spanning the membrane, or peripheral, attached to the surface, and they facilitate communication and interaction with the cell's environment.

Phospholipids

Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes. They consist of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) 'head' and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) 'tails,' which arrange themselves into a bilayer, creating a semi-permeable membrane that regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.