Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following amides:
b. 2-methylpentanamide

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the parent chain: The name '2-methylpentanamide' indicates that the parent chain is 'pentanamide', which is derived from pentanoic acid. This means the parent chain has 5 carbon atoms.
2. Locate the amide group: The 'amide' suffix indicates the presence of a CONH2 group at the end of the parent chain.
3. Identify the substituent: The '2-methyl' prefix indicates a methyl group (CH3) is attached to the second carbon of the parent chain.
4. Draw the carbon chain: Start with a 5-carbon chain for pentane, and attach the CONH2 group to the first carbon to form pentanamide.
5. Add the substituent: Attach the CH3 group to the second carbon of the pentanamide chain to complete the structure of 2-methylpentanamide.

Key Concepts

Amides

Amides are organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group is replaced by an amine or ammonia. They have the general structure R-CO-NR'R'', where R represents a hydrocarbon chain, and NR'R'' indicates the nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups. Amides are important in various biological processes and are commonly found in proteins.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical structure that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It typically groups atoms together to indicate how they are connected, making it easier to visualize the molecular structure. For example, in the case of amides, the carbonyl (C=O) and amine (N-H) groups are highlighted in the formula.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, ensuring that each name conveys specific information about the structure of the molecule. For amides, the name typically includes the parent alkane name with the suffix '-amide' added, along with any necessary locants to indicate the position of substituents. In the case of 2-methylpentanamide, 'pentan' indicates a five-carbon chain with a methyl group on the second carbon.