What is CODIS? Describe the four most important features of genetic markers used in this system.

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1. CODIS stands for the Combined DNA Index System, which is a database used by law enforcement to store and compare DNA profiles.
2. The first important feature of genetic markers used in CODIS is that they are highly polymorphic, meaning they have many different alleles, which increases the likelihood of distinguishing between individuals.
3. The second feature is that these markers are non-coding regions of DNA, which reduces the risk of revealing sensitive genetic information about an individual.
4. The third feature is that the markers are short tandem repeats (STRs), which are short sequences of DNA that repeat multiple times and are highly variable among individuals.
5. The fourth feature is that the markers are located on different chromosomes, which ensures that they are inherited independently and increases the power of discrimination between DNA profiles.

Key Concepts

CODIS

CODIS, or the Combined DNA Index System, is a national database in the United States that stores DNA profiles from various sources, including crime scenes and convicted offenders. It facilitates the comparison of DNA samples to identify potential matches, aiding law enforcement in solving crimes. CODIS operates at local, state, and national levels, allowing for a comprehensive approach to DNA analysis.

Genetic Markers

Genetic markers are specific sequences in the DNA that can be used to identify individuals or assess genetic relationships. In the context of CODIS, these markers are typically short tandem repeats (STRs), which are repeated sequences of DNA that vary in length among individuals. The variability of these markers makes them useful for forensic analysis and population studies.

Features of Genetic Markers

The four most important features of genetic markers used in CODIS include: 1) High variability, allowing for discrimination between individuals; 2) Stability, ensuring that markers remain unchanged over time; 3) Ease of amplification, enabling the use of small DNA samples; and 4) Multiplexing capability, which allows multiple markers to be analyzed simultaneously, increasing efficiency in DNA profiling.