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Problem 1
Devoting a few sentences to each, describe the following structures or complexes and their effects on eukaryotic gene expression: promoter
Problem 1
Devoting a few sentences to each, describe the following structures or complexes and their effects on eukaryotic gene expression: enhancer
Problem 1
Devoting a few sentences to each, describe the following structures or complexes and their effects on eukaryotic gene expression: silencer
Problem 1
Devoting a few sentences to each, describe the following structures or complexes and their effects on eukaryotic gene expression: RISC
Problem 1
Devoting a few sentences to each, describe the following structures or complexes and their effects on eukaryotic gene expression: Dicer
Problem 2
Describe and give an example (real or hypothetical) of each of the following: insulator sequence action
Problem 2
Describe and give an example (real or hypothetical) of each of the following:
RNA interferenceProblem 2
Describe and give an example (real or hypothetical) of each of the following: upstream activator sequence (UAS)
Problem 2
Describe and give an example (real or hypothetical) of each of the following: silencer sequence action
Problem 2
Describe and give an example (real or hypothetical) of each of the following: enhanceosome action
Problem 3
What is meant by the term chromatin remodeling? Describe the importance of this process to transcription.
Problem 3
Answer these questions concerning promoters.
What consensus sequences are detected in the mammalian β-globin gene promoter?Problem 3
Answer these questions concerning promoters.
Eukaryotic promoters are more variable than bacterial promoters. Explain why.Problem 3
Answer these questions concerning promoters.
What is the meaning of the term alternative promoter? How does the use of alternative promoters affect transcription?Problem 4
What general role does acetylation of histone protein amino acids play in the transcription of eukaryotic genes?
Problem 5
Describe the roles of writers, readers, and erasers in eukaryotic gene regulation.
Problem 6
Outline the roles of RNA in eukaryotic gene regulation.
Problem 7
What are the roles of the Polycomb and Trithorax complexes in eukaryotic gene regulation?
Problem 9
Compare and contrast the transcriptional regulation of GAL genes in yeast with that of the lac genes in bacteria.
Problem 10
The term heterochromatin refers to heavily condensed regions of chromosomes that are largely devoid of genes. Since few genes exist there, these regions almost never decondense for transcription. At what point during the cell cycle would you expect to observe the decondensation of heterochromatic regions? Why?
Problem 11
Compare and contrast promoters and enhancers with respect to their location (upstream versus downstream), orientation, and distance (in base pairs) relative to a gene they regulate.
Problem 12
What are the different chromatin classifications, and what is their relationship to gene expression?
Problem 13
Define epigenetics, and provide examples illustrating your definition.
Problem 14
What is one proposed role for lncRNAs?
Problem 15
What are the sources of dsRNA? Diagram the mechanisms by which dsRNAs are produced and processed into small RNAs.
Problem 16
How does dsRNA lead to posttranscriptonal gene silencing?
Problem 18
The UG4 gene is expressed in stem tissue and leaf tissue of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To study mechanisms regulating UG4 expression, six small deletions of DNA sequence upstream of the gene-coding sequence are made. The locations of deletions and their effect on UG4 expression are shown here. Why does deletion D raise UG4 expression in leaf tissue but not in stem tissue?Problem 18
The UG4 gene is expressed in stem tissue and leaf tissue of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To study mechanisms regulating UG4 expression, six small deletions of DNA sequence upstream of the gene-coding sequence are made. The locations of deletions and their effect on UG4 expression are shown here. Why does deletion E lower expression of UG4 in leaf tissue but not in stem tissue?Problem 18
The UG4 gene is expressed in stem tissue and leaf tissue of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To study mechanisms regulating UG4 expression, six small deletions of DNA sequence upstream of the gene-coding sequence are made. The locations of deletions and their effect on UG4 expression are shown here. Explain the differential effects of deletions B and F on expression in the two tissues.Problem 19
Diagram and explain how the inducibility of a gene—for instance in response to an environmental cue—could be mediated by an activator. Then show how it could be mediated by a repressor.
