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Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition
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All textbooksKlug 12th EditionCh. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and TranspositionProblem 2

Chapter 15, Problem 2

Write a short essay contrasting how these concepts may differ between bacteria and eukaryotes.

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Hello everyone and welcome to today's video. So the type of DNA repair in which DNA like coastal identifies and removes the mutated base from the D. N. A. Helix is referred to as which of these following terms? Let's begin by answer choice D where we have apoptosis. Well remember that apoptosis is programmed cell death. This is not a type of DNA repair. Really. So we're going to cancel this out. Then we have photo reactivation. And photo reactivation is a process where this DNA repair mechanism or enzyme called photo liaise is going to be using light in order to fix the D. N. A. This is not going to be performed by the DNA like hostilities enzyme. So we're going to cancel this out. Then we have the nucleotide excision repair where nucleotide accession refers to the removal of a nucleotide which kind of looks like what we have in the question. However, remember that we are removing not a nuclear type but a mutated base. So we're going to cancel this out because it refers to the nucleotide removal. Which is not what happening in the question. This is why answer choice B. Which is mostly the same but exchanges nucleotide for base is going to be or correct answer choice because it refers to mutate a base being removed by a specific enzyme which in this case is going to be D. N. A. Like useless because of this answer choice B is a correct answer to our question. I really hope this helped you and I want to see you on the next one
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Textbook Question

In this chapter, we focused on how gene mutations arise and how cells repair DNA damage. At the same time, we found opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter,

How do we know that mutations occur randomly?

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Textbook Question
In this chapter, we focused on how gene mutations arise and how cells repair DNA damage. At the same time, we found opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, How do we know that certain chemicals and wavelengths of radiation induce mutations in DNA?
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Textbook Question
In this chapter, we focused on how gene mutations arise and how cells repair DNA damage. At the same time, we found opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, How do we know that DNA repair mechanisms detect and correct the majority of spontaneous and induced mutations?
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Textbook Question

Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducted a genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Within the 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five point mutations—two missense and three synonyms—among different isolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979 revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotide changes among ten victims. The authors concluded that these data indicate little or no horizontal transfer between different B. anthracis strains.

Which types of nucleotide changes (missense or synonyms) cause amino acid changes?

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Textbook Question

Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducted a genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Within the 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five point mutations—two missense and three synonyms—among different isolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979 revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotide changes among ten victims. The authors concluded that these data indicate little or no horizontal transfer between different B. anthracis strains.

On what basis did the authors conclude that evidence of horizontal transfer is absent from their data?

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Textbook Question
What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are spontaneous mutations rare?
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