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Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition
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All textbooksKlug 12th EditionCh. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and TranspositionProblem 16

Chapter 15, Problem 16

Contrast the structure of SINE and LINE DNA sequences. Why are LINEs referred to as retrotransposons?

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Hello everyone. Let's look at our next problem. It says S. I. N. E. And L. A. Any elements are examples of blink and our answer choices are four different types of transpose ons. Well first of all let's think we really have to recall that these elements are retro transpose ions meaning their RNA sequences that first have to be translated into D. N. A. And then incorporated into the genome. So we can eliminate choice A. As they're not D. N. A. Transpose eons. Um Those are transfusions obviously made A D. N. A sequence that can just be moved around in the genome without this necessity to copy. And then we can also eliminate choice D. Class to transpose because class to transpose our D. N. A. Transpose eons. Class one transpose sins are retro transpose eons. So these are retro transfusions and then we know they are non L tr retro transpose johns so L. T. R. Means long terminal repeat. Those are transposed that have these long terminal repeating sequences on either side of the coding sequence of the transpose on. So that is not the case for S. I. N. E. And L. N. E. So we're gonna cross out choice B. L. T. R. Retro transpose eons. So these S. I. N. E. And ally any elements are examples of choice C. Non L. Tr retro transpose owns. See in the next video
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The family of a sixth-grade boy in Palo Alto, California, was informed by school administrators that he would have to transfer out of his middle school because they believed his mutation of the CFTR gene, which does not produce any symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis, posed a risk to other students at the school who have cystic fibrosis. After missing 11 days of school, a settlement was reached to have the boy return to school. What ethical problems might you associate with this example?
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A significant number of mutations in the HBB gene that cause human β-thalassemia occur within introns or in upstream noncoding sequences. Explain why mutations in these regions often lead to severe disease, although they may not directly alter the coding regions of the gene.

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Textbook Question

Dominant mutations can be categorized according to whether they increase or decrease the overall activity of a gene or gene product. Although a loss-of-function mutation (a mutation that inactivates the gene product) is usually recessive, for some genes, one dose of the normal gene product, encoded by the normal allele, is not sufficient to produce a normal phenotype. In this case, a loss-of-function mutation in the gene will be dominant, and the gene is said to be haploinsufficient. A second category of dominant mutation is the gain-of-function mutation, which results in a new activity or increased activity or expression of a gene or gene product. The gene therapy technique currently being used in clinical trials involves the 'addition' to somatic cells of a normal copy of a gene. In other words, a normal copy of the gene is inserted into the genome of the mutant somatic cell, but the mutated copy of the gene is not removed or replaced. Will this strategy work for either of the two aforementioned types of dominant mutations?

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In 2013 the actress Angelina Jolie elected to have prophylactic double-mastectomy surgery to prevent breast cancer based on a positive test for mutation of the BRCA1 gene. What are some potential positive and negative consequences of this high-profile example of acting on the results of a genetic test?

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Describe how the Ames test screens for potential environmental mutagens. Why is it thought that a compound that tests positively in the Ames test may also be carcinogenic?
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It has been shown that infectious agents such as viruses often exert a dramatic effect on their host cell's genome architecture. In many cases, viruses induce methylation of host DNA sequences in order to enhance their infectivity. What specific host gene functions would you consider as strong candidates for such methylation by infecting viruses?
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