How is the principle of independent assortment of characters demonstrated using pea plants with the traits of tall and dwarf and smooth and wrinkled seeds?

• A. the observation that F1 progeny are tall.
• B. the F2 population has tall and dwarf plants in a 3:1 ratio and smooth and wrinkled seeded plants in a 3:1 ratio.
• C. the F2 population has tall and dwarf plants.
• D. the F2 population has smooth and wrinkled seeded plants.

Answer: (B)