Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Genetics51m
- 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
- 3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
- 4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
- 5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
- 6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
- 7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
- 8. DNA Replication1h 10m
- 9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
- 10. Transcription1h 0m
- 11. Translation58m
- 12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
- 13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
- 14. Genetic Control of Development44m
- 15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
- 16. Transposable Elements47m
- 17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
- 18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- 19. Cancer Genetics29m
- 20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
- 21. Population Genetics50m
- 22. Evolutionary Genetics29m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
Probability and Genetics
1:39 minutes
Problem 34c
Textbook Question
Textbook QuestionIn a breed of domestic cattle, horns can appear on males and on females. Males and females can also be hornless. The following crosses are performed with parents from pure-breeding lines.
Explain the inheritance of this phenotype in cattle, and assign genotypes to all cattle in each cross.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Inheritance Patterns
Inheritance patterns describe how traits are passed from parents to offspring. In this case, the presence or absence of horns in cattle can be influenced by dominant and recessive alleles. Understanding whether the trait is autosomal dominant, recessive, or sex-linked is crucial for predicting the phenotypes of the offspring based on the genotypes of the parents.
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Genotype and Phenotype
The genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while the phenotype is the observable expression of that genotype. In cattle, the genotype will determine whether an individual has horns or is hornless. Assigning genotypes to the cattle in the crosses will help clarify the expected phenotypes in the offspring based on Mendelian inheritance.
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Punnett Squares
Punnett squares are a tool used to predict the genetic outcomes of crosses between individuals. By setting up a Punnett square with the genotypes of the parent cattle, one can visualize the possible combinations of alleles in the offspring. This method is essential for determining the ratios of phenotypes and genotypes resulting from the crosses described in the question.
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