Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Genetics51m
- 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
- 3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
- 4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
- 5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
- 6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
- 7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
- 8. DNA Replication1h 10m
- 9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
- 10. Transcription1h 0m
- 11. Translation58m
- 12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
- 13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
- 14. Genetic Control of Development44m
- 15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
- 16. Transposable Elements47m
- 17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
- 18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- 19. Cancer Genetics29m
- 20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
- 21. Population Genetics50m
- 22. Evolutionary Genetics29m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance
Understanding Independent Assortment
1:10 minutes
Problem 27a
Textbook Question
Textbook QuestionThe wild-type (normal) fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has straight wings and long bristles. Mutant strains have been isolated that have either curled wings or short bristles. The genes representing these two mutant traits are located on separate chromosomes. Carefully examine the data from the following five crosses. Assign gene symbols and, for each cross, determine the genotypes of the parents.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Gene Symbols
Gene symbols are standardized abbreviations used to represent specific genes in genetic studies. In the context of Drosophila melanogaster, these symbols often consist of one or two letters, sometimes followed by a superscript to indicate mutations. Assigning gene symbols helps in clearly identifying and communicating about specific traits and their associated genetic variations.
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Pedigree Symbols
Genotype vs. Phenotype
Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism, specifically the alleles present for a given gene, while phenotype describes the observable traits resulting from the genotype. In the case of the fruit flies, the wild-type phenotype includes straight wings and long bristles, whereas the mutant phenotypes exhibit curled wings or short bristles. Understanding the distinction between these concepts is crucial for analyzing genetic crosses.
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Gamete Genotypes
Independent Assortment
Independent assortment is a fundamental principle of genetics stating that alleles for different genes segregate independently of one another during gamete formation. This principle is particularly relevant when analyzing traits located on separate chromosomes, as seen in the fruit fly mutants. Recognizing this concept allows for the prediction of offspring genotypes based on parental combinations in genetic crosses.
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Gamete Genetics and Independent Assortment
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