Go to the website http://www.cancer.gov and select 'Cancer Types' on the top menu bar. Scroll down to 'Breast Cancer' and click. Select 'Cases & Prevention' from the options. Click 'More information' and select 'BRCA Mutations: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing'. Use the information on this page to answer the following questions. What features of family history increase the likelihood that a woman will have a harmful mutation of BRCA1 or BRCA2?

Key Concepts

BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that produce proteins responsible for repairing damaged DNA. Mutations in these genes can lead to an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Understanding the role of these genes is crucial for assessing genetic predisposition to cancer and the implications of testing for mutations.

Family History and Genetic Risk

Family history plays a significant role in assessing genetic risk for conditions like breast cancer. A woman with close relatives (such as a mother, sister, or daughter) who have had breast or ovarian cancer, especially at a young age, may have a higher likelihood of carrying harmful BRCA mutations. This familial pattern can indicate inherited genetic susceptibility.

Genetic Testing and Counseling

Genetic testing for BRCA mutations involves analyzing an individual's DNA to identify harmful changes in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Genetic counseling is recommended before and after testing to help individuals understand their risk, the implications of test results, and potential preventive measures. This process is essential for informed decision-making regarding health management.