Identify the normal functions of the following genes whose mutations are associated with the development of cancer.

APC (familial adenomatous polyposis)

Key Concepts

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Tumor suppressor genes are crucial for regulating cell growth and preventing uncontrolled cell division. They produce proteins that help repair DNA, control the cell cycle, and promote apoptosis (programmed cell death). When these genes are mutated, their function is lost, leading to increased risk of cancer due to unchecked cellular proliferation.

APC Gene Function

The APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) gene is a key tumor suppressor involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and the Wnt signaling pathway. It helps control the degradation of β-catenin, a protein that, when accumulated, can lead to excessive cell growth and tumor formation. Mutations in the APC gene are primarily associated with familial adenomatous polyposis, a condition that significantly increases the risk of colorectal cancer.

Cancer Development Mechanisms

Cancer development often involves a series of genetic mutations that disrupt normal cellular functions. These mutations can affect oncogenes, which promote cell division, and tumor suppressor genes, which inhibit it. The interplay between these genetic changes leads to the transformation of normal cells into cancerous ones, highlighting the importance of understanding specific gene functions in cancer biology.