For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.

3′-AUG-5′

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the tRNA anticodon sequence: 3′-AUG-5′.
2. Determine the corresponding mRNA codon by pairing the anticodon with complementary bases: 5′-UAC-3′.
3. Use the genetic code to find the amino acid corresponding to the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′, which is Tyrosine (Tyr).
4. Identify the DNA coding strand sequence by replacing uracil (U) in the mRNA with thymine (T) and maintaining the same polarity: 5′-TAC-3′.
5. Ensure the polarity of the DNA coding strand is 5′ to 3′, matching the mRNA codon sequence polarity.

Key Concepts

tRNA and Anticodons

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are essential for translating mRNA sequences into proteins. Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA. The anticodon allows the tRNA to recognize and bind to the corresponding codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

Codons and Amino Acids

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid during translation. Each codon corresponds to one of the 20 standard amino acids, as defined by the genetic code. For example, the codon AUG not only codes for the amino acid methionine but also serves as the start signal for protein synthesis.

DNA Coding Strand and Polarity

The DNA coding strand is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA (except for thymine in DNA being replaced by uracil in RNA). It runs in a 5' to 3' direction, which is crucial for transcription and translation processes. Understanding the polarity of nucleic acids is vital, as it influences how genetic information is read and translated into proteins.