It is common to study the biology and genetics of bacteria, yeast, fruit flies, and mice to understand biological and genetic processes in humans. Why do you think this is the case?

Key Concepts

Model Organisms

Model organisms are species that are extensively studied to understand biological processes due to their simpler systems, short life cycles, and genetic similarities to humans. Examples include fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and mice (Mus musculus), which allow researchers to investigate genetic functions and disease mechanisms that can be extrapolated to human biology.

Genetic Homology

Genetic homology refers to the similarity in DNA sequences between different species, indicating a common ancestry. This concept is crucial in genetics as it allows scientists to use findings from model organisms to infer functions of human genes, facilitating the understanding of genetic diseases and potential treatments.

Experimental Manipulation

Experimental manipulation involves altering the genetic makeup of model organisms to observe the effects on biological processes. Techniques such as CRISPR gene editing enable researchers to create specific mutations, helping to elucidate gene function and the underlying mechanisms of diseases, which can be relevant to human health.