The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is mediated b...

Question

The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is mediated by messenger RNA. If you introduce short DNA strands (called antisense oligonucleotides) that are complementary to mRNAs, hydrogen bonding may occur and 'label' the DNA/RNA hybrid for ribonuclease-H degradation of the RNA. One study [Lloyd et al. (2001). Nucl. Acids Res. 29:3664–3673] compared the effect of different-length antisense oligonucleotides upon ribonuclease-H–mediated degradation of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) mRNA. TNFα exhibits antitumor and pro-inflammatory activities. The following graph indicates the efficacy of various-sized antisense oligonucleotides in causing ribonuclease-H cleavage.

What factors other than oligonucleotide length are likely to influence antisense efficacy in vivo?

Accepted Answer

Hi everyone. Let's look at our next problem. It says the process of synthesis of a polyp peptide from R. M. R. N. A. Requires and if we look over our answers we notice we have a choice of three different types of factors and choice D. Is all of the above. So let's keep in mind that all of our answers could be correct. So let's start looking through this. Thinking about that process of synthesis. So choices initiation factors. So let's think about what initiation factors are. And I'm just gonna put in a little definition here, proteins that help form the complex between M. R. N. A. And the ribs. Um So again that M RNA has to be bound to a ribosome for translation to begin. So these initiation factors are necessary for the synthesis of the polyp peptide to begin that translation process. Choice B is elongation factors. So again I'll put up that quick definition of that here. So those elongation factors are proteins that deliver tr N. A. S. With their amino acid to the ribosome. They also transfer tr N. A. S from the A. To the p site on the ribs. Um as the polyp peptide is being built and they ensure the accuracy of the elongation process. This process goes very very quickly. So the elongation factors help to ensure that it's an accurate process. So again you can see by these these functions that the elongation factors are definitely um necessary and critical to that synthesis process. So since this is correct. Also if you were on a test you could go ahead and pick choice D. All of the above is your answer and move on. Um But we're looking for a thorough explanation so we'll look at choice see termination factors. So let's just take a look at that definition real quick. Their function is to recognize the stop code on on that M. R. N. A. Breaking the termination complex and releasing the completed polyp peptide so they are necessary to end that synthesis of the polyp peptide and to release it to go on for further processing. So see also correct. So again we've confirmed that the process of synthesis from of a polyp peptide from M. RNA requires choice D. All of the above initiation elongation and termination factors in the next video.

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