The three major forms of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA) interact during translation.

Describe the role each form of RNA performs during translation.

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1. mRNA (messenger RNA) serves as the template for protein synthesis. It carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome, where translation occurs.
2. tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome in accordance with the sequence of codons on the mRNA. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with a specific mRNA codon.
3. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a key structural and functional component of the ribosome. It helps to catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, facilitating the assembly of the polypeptide chain.
4. During translation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading its sequence three nucleotides at a time (codon), and coordinating the interaction between mRNA and tRNA.
5. The process continues until a stop codon on the mRNA is reached, signaling the end of protein synthesis and the release of the newly formed polypeptide chain.

Key Concepts

mRNA (messenger RNA)

mRNA serves as the template for protein synthesis during translation. It is synthesized from DNA and carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome, where it dictates the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Each mRNA molecule is composed of codons, which are three-nucleotide sequences that correspond to specific amino acids.

tRNA (transfer RNA)

tRNA is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. This process is crucial for accurately translating the genetic code into functional proteins.

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

rRNA is a key structural and functional component of ribosomes, the cellular machinery where translation occurs. It helps to catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids and ensures the proper alignment of mRNA and tRNA during protein synthesis. rRNA plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity and functionality of the ribosome.