Determine the number of valence electrons in each element. a. Cl b. In c. C d. As

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1. 1. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. They are the electrons that are involved in chemical reactions and bonding. The number of valence electrons can be determined from the group number of the element in the periodic table.
2. 2. For element a. Cl (Chlorine), it is in group 17 (also known as group 7A) of the periodic table. Elements in this group have 7 valence electrons.
3. 3. For element b. In (Indium), it is in group 13 (also known as group 3A) of the periodic table. Elements in this group have 3 valence electrons.
4. 4. For element c. C (Carbon), it is in group 14 (also known as group 4A) of the periodic table. Elements in this group have 4 valence electrons.
5. 5. For element d. As (Arsenic), it is in group 15 (also known as group 5A) of the periodic table. Elements in this group have 5 valence electrons.

Key Concepts

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding. The number of valence electrons determines an element's reactivity and its ability to form bonds with other elements. For main group elements, the number of valence electrons corresponds to the group number in the periodic table.

Periodic Table

The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and electron configuration. Elements in the same group (vertical column) have similar chemical properties and the same number of valence electrons. Understanding the layout of the periodic table is essential for predicting the behavior of elements and their interactions.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It is represented using a notation that indicates the energy levels and sublevels occupied by electrons. By analyzing the electron configuration, one can determine the number of valence electrons, which is crucial for understanding an element's chemical properties.