Lead(II) ions can be removed from solution by precipitation with sulfate ions. Suppose that a solution contains lead(II) nitrate. Write complete ionic and net ionic equations for the reaction of aqueous lead(II) nitrate with aqueous potassium sulfate to form solid lead(II) sulfate and aqueous potassium nitrate.
Ch.5 - Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 5, Problem 65
A 15.00-mL sample of an unknown HClO4 solution requires titration with 17.03 mL of 0.1000 M NaOH to reach the equivalence point. What is the concentration of the unknown HClO4 solution? The neutralization reaction is HClO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H2O(l ) + NaClO4(aq)
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Titration
Titration is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution. It involves the gradual addition of a titrant (a solution of known concentration) to a sample until the reaction reaches the equivalence point, where the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of substance in the sample. In this case, NaOH is the titrant used to determine the concentration of the unknown HClO4 solution.
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Neutralization Reaction
A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this scenario, the strong acid HClO4 reacts with the strong base NaOH to form water and sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). The balanced chemical equation indicates that one mole of HClO4 reacts with one mole of NaOH, which is essential for calculating the concentration of the unknown acid based on the volume and molarity of the base used.
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Molarity and Concentration Calculations
Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. To find the concentration of the unknown HClO4 solution, one can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the unknown solution, and M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the titrant. This relationship allows for the calculation of the unknown concentration based on the titration data provided.
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