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Ch.4 - Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities
Chapter 4, Problem 53

Iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide according to the equation: Fe2O3(s) + 3 CO(g) → 2 Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g) A reaction mixture initially contains 45.10 g Fe2O3 and 29.56 g CO. Once the reaction has occurred as completely as possible, what mass (in g) of the excess reactant remains?

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation. It allows us to determine the proportions of substances involved in a reaction, enabling us to identify limiting and excess reactants. In this case, stoichiometry will help us calculate how much of each reactant is consumed and how much remains after the reaction.
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Limiting Reactant

The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, thus determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed. Identifying the limiting reactant is crucial for calculating the amounts of products and any excess reactants left over. In this scenario, we need to find out which reactant, Fe2O3 or CO, limits the reaction to determine the excess.
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Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is essential for converting between grams and moles, which is necessary for stoichiometric calculations. To solve the problem, we will need to calculate the molar masses of Fe2O3 and CO to determine how many moles of each reactant are present initially.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Iron(II) sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the reaction: FeS(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → FeCl2(s) + H2S(g) A reaction mixture initially contains 0.223 mol FeS and 0.652 mol HCl. Once the reaction has occurred as completely as possible, what amount (in moles) of the excess reactant remains?

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Textbook Question

For the reaction shown, calculate the theoretical yield of product (in grams) for each initial amount of reactants. 2 Al(s) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 AlCl3(s) c. 0.235 g Al, 1.15 g Cl2

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Textbook Question

For the reaction shown, calculate the theoretical yield of the product (in grams) for each initial amount of reactants. Ti(s) + 2 F2( g) → TiF4(s) c. 0.233 g Ti, 0.288 g F2

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Textbook Question

Elemental phosphorus reacts with chlorine gas according to the equation: P4(s) + 6 Cl2( g) → 4 PCl3(l) A reaction mixture initially contains 91.38 g P4 and 262.6 g Cl2. Once the reaction has occurred as completely as possible, what mass (in g) of the excess reactant remains?

Textbook Question

Magnesium oxide can be made by heating magnesium metal in the presence of oxygen. The balanced equation for the reaction is: 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s) When 13.1 g of Mg reacts with 13.6 g O2, 12.4 g MgO is collected. Determine the limiting reactant, theoretical yield, and percent yield for the reaction.

Textbook Question

Urea (CH4N2O) is a common fertilizer that is synthesized by the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with carbon dioxide: 2 NH3(aq) + CO2(aq) → CH4N2O(aq) + H2O(l) In an industrial synthesis of urea, a chemist combines 149.4 kg of ammonia with 231.1 kg of carbon dioxide and obtains 172.3 kg of urea. Determine the limiting reactant, theoretical yield of urea, and percent yield for the reaction.