Name each alkane. a. CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 b.

Welcome back every once in another video name this L Kane. We want to recall that the first step in naming L Keynes in systematic naming would be identifying the longest continuous carbon chain, which we call a parent chain. So what we're going to do is just identify our parent and we can do that by counting the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain. So we have 12345, six and seven. Now we have to recall that a seven numbered L cane is called heptane. So that's our parent. Our next step is to identify the substitutions. What we notice is that we have two subscriptions bonded to carbon number two and carbon number six because this is where we have branching. Right now. Our subscriptions are CH three. We know that CH four is methane and its corresponding substituents. Ch three is called methyl, right? We're essentially adding a new prefix. We can also see that the two methyl substituents are bonded to carbons two and six. Before we move on, we simply want to check if we can minimize those locums. What if we actually enumerate our parent from? Right? To left. We get 123456 and seven. We still have our metal substituents bonded to carbons two and six. Meaning it doesn't matter if we enumerate the parent from left to right or right to left. Now, we have all of the information, we need to name the L cane. Let's recall that we begin by identifying the locus of the subscriptions. We're going to essentially go with two comma six in an ascending order. We're going to use a prefix dye because we have two equivalent methyl substituents. And now we're just naming the substituent which is methyl. So two comma six dimethyl means that we have two metal groups bonded to carbons two and six. And now we're going to finish our name with the parent, which is hap and that's our final answer. Thank you for watching.

Ch.22 - Organic Chemistry

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Tro 6th Edition

Ch.22 - Organic Chemistry

Problem 43b

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Chapter 22, Problem 43b

Name each alkane.
a. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃
b.

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Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the alkane structure. This will determine the base name of the alkane according to the number of carbon atoms.

Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest a substituent, if any. This helps in assigning the lowest possible numbers to the substituents.

Identify and name any alkyl groups (substituents) attached to the main carbon chain. Use prefixes like methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc., based on the number of carbons in the substituent.

Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the main chain. If there are multiple identical substituents, use prefixes like di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.

Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the alkane, placing the substituents in alphabetical order and using hyphens to separate numbers from words.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkanes

Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms, following the general formula CnH2n+2. They are saturated compounds, meaning they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom. Alkanes can be straight-chain or branched, and their names are derived from the number of carbon atoms they contain, such as methane (1 carbon), ethane (2 carbons), and propane (3 carbons).

Nomenclature

Nomenclature in organic chemistry refers to the systematic naming of chemical compounds. For alkanes, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides rules for naming based on the number of carbon atoms and the structure of the molecule. The names typically end with the suffix '-ane' to indicate that they are alkanes, and prefixes like 'meth-', 'eth-', 'prop-', etc., denote the number of carbons.

Isomerism

Isomerism is the phenomenon where compounds with the same molecular formula exhibit different structural arrangements. In alkanes, structural isomers can occur when carbon atoms are arranged in different ways, leading to distinct compounds with unique properties. For example, butane (C4H10) has two isomers: n-butane (a straight chain) and isobutane (a branched chain), which have different boiling points and chemical behaviors.