Consider the titration of a 25.0-mL sample of 0.115 M RbOH with 0.100 M HCl. Determine each quantity. b. the volume of added acid required to reach the equivalence point

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1. Identify the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: \( \text{RbOH} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{RbCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \).
2. Determine the moles of \( \text{RbOH} \) in the initial solution using the formula: \( \text{moles} = \text{concentration} \times \text{volume} \).
3. Since the reaction is a 1:1 molar ratio, the moles of \( \text{HCl} \) required to reach the equivalence point will be equal to the moles of \( \text{RbOH} \).
4. Calculate the volume of \( \text{HCl} \) needed using the formula: \( \text{volume} = \frac{\text{moles of HCl}}{\text{concentration of HCl}} \).
5. Convert the volume from liters to milliliters if necessary, as the final answer should be in milliliters.

Key Concepts

Titration

Titration is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution. It involves the gradual addition of a titrant (a solution of known concentration) to a sample until a reaction reaches its equivalence point, where the amount of titrant equals the amount of substance in the sample. This method is commonly used in acid-base reactions to find the concentration of an unknown acid or base.

Equivalence Point

The equivalence point in a titration is the stage at which the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of substance present in the sample. For acid-base titrations, this means that the moles of acid equal the moles of base. It is often indicated by a color change in an indicator or by using a pH meter, marking the completion of the reaction.

Molarity and Volume Relationship

Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. In titration calculations, the relationship between the molarity and volume of the reactants is crucial. The formula M1V1 = M2V2 can be used, where M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the titrant, and M2 and V2 are those of the analyte. This relationship allows for the calculation of the volume of titrant needed to reach the equivalence point.